Publications

@article{nokey,

title = {Characterization of local seed business farmers marketing common bean seed in Western Uganda. },

author = {Eriya Birengesyo Kule Monica Karuhanga Losira Sanya Nasirumbi Gabriel Karubanga Lucy Mulugo Bernard Obaa David Agole and Tonny Obua},

doi = {. https://doi.org/10.70060/mak-jaes-2025-178},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-31},

urldate = {2025-12-31},

volume = {14},

issue = {2},

abstract = {Local Seed Business (LSB) farmers play a crucial role in improving access to affordable quality declared seed (QDS) and strengthening farmer seed sovereignty in Uganda. However, their effectiveness in common bean seed production and marketing varies across regions, and the socio-economic and geographical factors influencing this variation are not well understood. This study assessed the socio-economic characteristics of common bean LSB farmers and evaluated their influence on effectiveness in seed production and marketing in Western Uganda. A cross sectional research design using mixed method was used. Data was collected from 386 common bean seed farmers selected from 14 LSB groups. Data were gathered using questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interview guides. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and ordered probit regression model were used for analysis. Results showed that more men (51.8%) than women (48.1%) participated in bean seed marketing, and majority were from rural areas. Significant geographical disparities in effectiveness were observed, with Kisoro District recording the highest proportion of high effective farmers (32%) and Kamwenge dominate in the low effective category (44%). The ordered probit model revealed that women, years of active membership in LSB, and land allocated to beans increased the likelihood of being in the high effectiveness seed category. However, total land owned, and distance to district headquarters had a negative association to effectiveness. There is need to promote strategies that encourage allocation of more land to bean production and to rely on experienced farmers for effective seed production and marketing. Key words: Effectiveness; groups, infrastructure, land ownership, mobility, socioeconomic parameters},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Rethinking urbanicity: Conceptualizing neighborhood effects on women’s mental health in Kampala’s urban slums.},

author = {Swahn, M. H., Kalulu, P., Sseviiri, H., Namuyiga, J., Palmier, J., & Twinomuhangi, R. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23010041},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-28},

urldate = {2025-12-28},

journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},

volume = {23},

issue = {1},

pages = {41},

abstract = {rbanicity is a recognized determinant of mental health, yet conventional measures such as population density or the rural–urban divide often fail to capture the complex realities of informal settlements in low- and middle-income countries. This paper conceptualizes neighborhood effects through the lived experiences of young women in Kampala, Uganda, drawing on participatory research from the NIH-funded TOPOWA study. Using community mapping and Photovoice, participants identified neighborhood features that shape wellbeing, including sanitation facilities, drainage systems, alcohol outlets, health centers, schools, boda boda stages (motorcycle taxis), lodges, religious institutions, water sources, markets, and recreational spaces. These methods revealed both stressors—poor waste management, flooding, violence, gendered harassment, crime, and alcohol-related harms—and protective resources, including education, places of worship, health centers, social networks, identity, and sports activities. We argue that urbanicity in slum contexts should be understood as a multidimensional construct encompassing deprivation, fragmentation, exclusion, and resilience. This reconceptualization advances conceptual clarity, strengthens the validity of mental health research in low-resource settings, and informs interventions that simultaneously address structural risks and promote community assets. The case of Kampala demonstrates how participatory evidence can reshape the understanding of neighborhood effects with implications, for global mental health research and practice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Screening for the Efficacy of Botanicals and Soaps in Controlling the Banana Aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Laboratory and Screenhouse Conditions.},

author = {Ogwal, G., Wasswa, P., Ocimati, W., Omondi, A.B., Tazuba, A.F., Blomme, G. and Otim, M.H.},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/17/1/23},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/insects17010023},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-25},

urldate = {2025-12-25},

volume = {17},

issue = {1},

pages = {23},

abstract = {Controlling banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa) vectors of banana bunchy-top disease is crucial for integrated disease management. Synthetic insecticides, though effective in aphid control, pose health and environmental risks. Biorational pesticides (including botanicals and soaps) are safer alternatives. This study screened four fresh and fermented aqueous plant extracts (chili pepper, garlic, neem, and peppermint) and three soaps (bathing, laundry bar, and liquid soap) singly or in mixtures against banana aphids through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Aphid-inoculated banana leaf-blade disks were used for the in vitro studies over 96 h. Potted plantlets were used for the in vivo studies over eight weeks. Applying these preparations resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) aphid mortality (28.6 to 100%) compared to the water control (3.3%) at 96 h post-spray (hps). In vitro, a single application of nimbecidine® (Azadirachtin 0.03%), garlic, chili-pepper botanicals, insecticidal, and bathing soap caused >50% mortality at 96 hps. Mixed applications of chili pepper, garlic-based, and neem botanicals with soap caused >70% mortality at 96 hps in vitro. Binary mixtures of neem oil, garlic, fermented garlic, or fermented peppermint with insecticidal soap, and neem oil with bar soap, were promising in vivo, reducing the aphid populations to <20/plant compared to the control, which had >200 aphids after week 8. However, these potential preparations incurred a higher cost (USD 1.30/banana mat) compared to the synthetic pesticide (USD 0.022/mat). Thus, biorational mixtures have a potential to effectively control banana aphids.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Characterization of local seed business farmers marketing common bean seed in Western Uganda},

author = {Eriya KULE Birengesyo, Monica Karuhanga, Losira Sanya Nasirumbi and Tonny Obua},

url = {https://journals.mak.ac.ug/mujaes/article/view/178/118},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.70060/mak-jaes-2025-178},

issn = {1563-3721},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-23},

urldate = {2025-12-23},

journal = {Makerere University Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences},

volume = {14},

issue = {2},

pages = {124 - 149},

abstract = {Local Seed Business (LSB) farmers play a crucial role in improving access to affordable

quality declared seed (QDS) and strengthening farmer seed sovereignty in Uganda.

However, their effectiveness in common bean seed production and marketing varies

across regions, and the socio-economic and geographical factors influencing this variation

are not well understood. This study assessed the socio-economic characteristics of

common bean LSB farmers and evaluated their influence on effectiveness in seed

production and marketing in Western Uganda. A cross sectional research design using

mixed method was used. Data was collected from 386 common bean seed farmers

selected from 14 LSB groups. Data were gathered using questionnaires, focus group

discussions and in-depth interview guides. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and ordered probit regression model were used for analysis. Results showed that more

men (51.8%) than women (48.1%) participated in bean seed marketing, and majority

were from rural areas. Significant geographical disparities in effectiveness were

observed, with Kisoro District recording the highest proportion of high effective farmers

(32%) and Kamwenge dominate in the low effective category (44%). The ordered

probit model revealed that women, years of active membership in LSB, and land

allocated to beans increased the likelihood of being in the high effectiveness seed

category. However, total land owned, and distance to district headquarters had a negative

association to effectiveness. There is need to promote strategies that encourage allocation

of more land to bean production and to rely on experienced farmers for effective seed

production and marketing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Effects of silicon (silicic acid)-enriched biochar amendments on emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from paddy soils},

author = {Luyima, D., Egyir, M., & Wacal, C.},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227625004387},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-03-2024-0038},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-10},

urldate = {2025-12-10},

volume = {85},

issue = {3},

pages = {377–396},

abstract = {Although both biochar and silicon amendments have been shown to reduce greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from soil, their effectiveness in doing so has yielded varying results. Negative, positive and neutral responses have been reported. Combining both amendments into a silicon-enriched biochar may lead to optimum abatement of GHGs emissions from the soil. The current study was hence, conducted to evaluate the methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) attenuation potentials of the silicon-enriched biochar amendments. The study was conducted via a pot experiment and the treatments included, the control (NPK only), post-pyrolysis silicon-enriched biochar (SiBC 1), pre-pyrolysis silicon-enriched biochar (SiBC 2), non-modified biochar (PrBC) and silicon (Si). All treatments received NPK at recommended rates. The biochars were characterised with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FT-IR). In comparison to the control, PrBC, SiBC 1 and SiBC 2 reduced CH4 emissions by 9.32 %, 41.06 % and 40.35 %, respectively while Si increased the emissions by 20.45 %. PrBC, SiBC 1, SiBC 2 and Si amendments reduced N2O emissions by 20.55 %, 54.79 %, 57.53 % and 39.73 %, respectively as compared to the control. The instrumental analysis revealed that silicon enrichment enhanced biochar's surface properties e.g. porosity and surface reactive functional groups which might have contributed to the enhanced potential of the biochar to lower CH4 and N2O emissions through increased aeration and adsorption of nitrogen. Therefore, enriching biochar with orthosilicic acid is a novel method of optimising the attenuation of CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy soils.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Whole genome sequences of 289 native cattle from Finland, the Netherlands and Portugal},

author = {Catarina Ginja, Junxin Gao, Juha Kantanen, Nasser Ghanem, Donald Kugonza, Mahlako Makgahlela, Ana Elisabete Pires, Anabel Usié, Bert Dibbits, Carolina Bruno de Sousa, Daniel Gaspar, Daniil Ruvinskiy, Etske Bijl, Hauke Smidt, Heli Lindeberg, Henk Bovenhuis, Kimberley Laport, Kisun Pokharel, Ludmilla Blaschikoff, Melak Weldenegodguad, Rayner Gonzalez Prendes, Rodney Okwasiimire, Silvia Guimarães, Ying Lui and Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06188-x},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-03},

urldate = {2025-12-03},

journal = {Nature Scientific Data},

volume = {12},

issue = {1897},

abstract = {Native cattle breeds in Europe are vital to agricultural heritage and livestock production, combining adaptation to diverse environments with desirable traits such as high-quality beef and milk. To investigate genetic diversity, local adaptation, and productivity-related characteristics, we generated whole-genome sequences from 289 cattle representing 11 native breeds and the commercial Holstein-Friesian breed across Finland, the Netherlands, and Portugal. These breeds span diverse climates and management systems, from cold northern regions to Mediterranean environments in southern Europe. The dataset comprises over 11 terabytes of paired-end Illumina NovaSeq6000 sequencing data, with an average depth of ~10 × and an alignment rate of ~99.7% against the ARS-UCD1.2 and 2.0 cattle reference genomes. Variant calling identified about 30 million SNPs and 2.7 million small indels distributed unevenly across the genome. Annotation linked many variants to known genes. This genomic resource provides an important foundation for studying genomic diversity, environmental adaptation, small structural variants discovery, and genomic mapping of economically important traits, offering insights for future breeding and conservation programs in European cattle.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Social value of the welfare benefits and potential demand for improved fecal sludge management in urban settlements in Uganda},

author = {Kakuru Medard Kit, Alice Turinawe, John Baptist Tumuhairwe, Therese Schwarzböck, Lee Richard David, Jeninah Karungi, Johnny Mugisha},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2025.219},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-01},

urldate = {2025-12-01},

journal = {Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development },

volume = {15},

issue = {12},

pages = {1118–1138},

abstract = {Poor fecal sludge management, common in communities relying on on-site sanitation, severely threatens the achievement of SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation). With public funding often insufficient, household contributions, driven by the perceived welfare benefits of sanitation, become crucial. This study used a contingent valuation study on 308 households in an urban Ugandan settlement to quantify the social value of improved sanitation's welfare benefits. A random effects probit model was employed to estimate these benefits and simulate the uptake rate under various policy scenarios. The analysis revealed a substantial social value of UGX 2.13 billion (USD 591,888) per month attributable to the welfare benefits of improved sanitation. The projected uptake rate for improved sanitation could be as high as 58.2%. This variation was primarily influenced by the payment interval, the amount levied for sanitation services, and the community's awareness of the impacts of poor FSM. The research recommends two policy actions: (1) Increased government investment in FSM infrastructure, specifically trucks and treatment plants, noting that households are willing to contribute to operational costs. (2) Community awareness campaigns should be initiated to boost the uptake of improved FSM services, which will consequently increase the realized social value of the welfare benefits.},

key = {contingent valuation, fecal sludge management, improved sanitation, social value, welfare benefits},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Unlocking the impact of citric acid and sugar on the nutritional, physicochemical, microbial and sensorial attributes of mango fruit leathers},

author = {Muzamil, M., Suleman, R., Waseem, M., Ismail, T., Shoaib, M., Qamar, M., Zahoor, M. A., Alsulami, T., & Mugabi, R. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2025.103478},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-12-01},

urldate = {2025-12-01},

journal = {Food Chemistry},

volume = {X},

number = {103478},

issue = {33},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Stability, release mechanisms, and applications of double emulsions loaded with Opuntia extracts: A comprehensive review},

author = {Soni, Y., Bashir, O., Morya, S., Mondal, I. H., Pawase, P. A., & Mugabi, R.},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-28},

urldate = {2025-11-28},

journal = {Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences},

volume = {14},

issue = {129},

abstract = {Stability, release mechanisms, and applications of double emulsions loaded with Opuntia extracts: a comprehensive review},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Sensory acceptability of nutrient-enhanced porridge from orange-fleshed sweet potatoes with grain amaranth, biofortified beans and maize flour. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.9734/afsj/2025/v24i12830},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-21},

urldate = {2025-11-21},

volume = {24},

issue = {12},

pages = {10-22},

abstract = {Sensory acceptability and their willingness to purchase value-added products are significant factors influencing the consumption of and commercial potential for such products. This study aimed to determine the sensory acceptability of nutrient-enhanced porridges containing orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), grain amaranth, biofortified beans, and maize flour, as well as the willingness of consumers to purchase and consume the new products. Porridge prepared from four composite flours, made from OFSP, biofortified bean, maize, and grain amaranth using formulations optimised using response surface methodology, were compared to one made from a commercial composite flour (control). Fifty consumers (26 females, 24 males) assessed the attributes of the samples using a 9-point hedonic scale for sensory acceptance and a 5-point Likert scale for willingness to buy. Relationship between sensory attributes and overall consumer’s liking of porridges was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). The study found that the new OFSP-based composite porridges were equally acceptable to consumers as commercial porridges (5.14–7.14). Mouthfeel and taste were the major contributors to overall acceptability. Panelists indicated higher likelihood (52%) to purchase the raw composite flours comprised of 20% OFSP, 30% maize, 40% bean, 10% grain amaranth (RF2) and the extruded composite comprised of 49% OFSP, 5.9% maize, 35.1% bean, and 10% grain amaranth (EF2). Most panelists were willing to pay between between 5000 and 10000 Ugx for raw flour (RF2) and less than 5000 Ugx for extruded flour (EF2). The results show that the formulations resulted acceptable nutritionally enhanced porridges, with good prospects for success on the market.},

key = {Consumer acceptance, composite flours, biofortified crops, grain amaranth},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Meat supply in mitigating food insecurity, undernourishment, and anemia among women: A study of selected countries in Asia, Europe, and Africa},

author = {Khan, M. A., Hafeez, H. T., Mehmood, T., Saleem, M., Ali, S., Waseem, M., Suleman, R., & Mugabi, R. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2025.2589522},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-18},

urldate = {2025-11-18},

journal = {Cogent Food & Agriculture},

volume = {11},

number = {2589522},

issue = {1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Influence of processors’ capacity on adherence to practices for quality propolis tincture production in Uganda},

author = {Biryomumaisho, D., Amulen, D.R., Agea, J.G., Kugonza, D.R., Kajobe, R., Turyahabwe, N., Mubangizi,

N., & Birungi, P.},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/402693712_Influence_of_processors\'_capacity_on_adherence_to_practices_for_quality_propolis_tincture_production_in_Uganda},

doi = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/acsj/article/view/309734},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-17},

urldate = {2025-11-17},

volume = {33},

issue = {4},

pages = {545-569},

abstract = {Propolis tincture (PT), a relatively new and rapidly marketed bee product in Uganda, has attracted investors attention; owing to its medicinal attributes and domestic uses. As a result of the increasing interest in PT commercialisation, there are concerns about the quality of PT in the market place owing to lack of specified standards. This study, therefore, sought to assess the capacity of processors and document their adherence to the specifications and considerations for producing quality PT in Uganda. To address this knowledge gap, a cross-sectional study was undertaken, using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The survey involved a total of 124 respondents, subjected to a face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire in Kampala metropolitan, and Lira and Arua cities in Uganda. This was supplemented with three Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and seven Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Results showed that PTPs had low capacity with moderate adherence levels (P<0.01) to recommended practices. They used normative references (EAS 38, EAS 39, EAS 804) and National Beekeepers Training and Extension (NBTE) Manual to guide production. Availability of infrastructure, processing equipment, staff capacity building and human resource quality, influenced PTPs’ adherence (P<0.01), with 28.05 mean score out of 49 expected. The study recommends that actors and stakeholders in Uganda’s apiculture sub-sector should support PTPs to build their capacity, based on a holistic understanding of the business environment in Uganda.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Consumption Bahaviour and Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Cassava Flour Attributes in Northwestern Uganda},

author = {J. Apil, B Obaa, L Mulugo, P Atekyereza and M Kakuru},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/402692318_Consumption_behaviour_and_determinants_for_willingness_to_pay_for_cassava_flour_attributes_in_Northwestern_Uganda},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-13},

urldate = {2025-11-13},

journal = {African Crop Science Journal},

volume = {33},

issue = {4},

pages = {529-543},

abstract = {Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) flour emerges to be a potential substitute to several foodstuffs, currently referred to as staple crops. With market expansion of flour-based industries, it is vital to understand underlining issues that shape the cassava flour consumption trajectory, in order to expand the market to be able to address household food income insecurity. The objective of this study was to analyse the consumer consumption behaviour, preferences and willingness to pay for cassava flour attributes in Northwestern Uganda. Data on preferred quality attributes of cassava flour were collected from 420 households, using a questionnaire that incorporated a discrete choice experiment. Results from the mixed logit model suggest that sweet taste, odourless, fine texture, and swelling flours positively influenced consumer preference. Findings point to consumer readiness to pay a higher price for the preferred non-colour attributes. Factors including age, household income and location influence willingness to pay for cassava flour attributes. Beyond observable factors, consumer perception and gender roles also influenced willingness to pay for flour attributes. Cassava breeders, technology promoters and new emerging cassava flour markets should incorporate identified quality attributes into their programmes to improve technology uptake.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Service-Learners today, friends forever: Alumni communities of practice manifested through social media communication.},

author = {Samuel Ikendi, Reagan M Mwenyi, Michael S Retallick and Donald R Kugonza},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i11a.2621},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-10},

urldate = {2025-11-10},

journal = {International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development},

volume = {8},

issue = {11},

pages = {61-76},

abstract = {In the current digital climate, social media platforms have become indispensable communication tools, enabling alumni to maintain meaningful connections with colleagues across geographical and temporal boundaries. Maintaining communication with alumni is an asset to both their primary educational institutions—affiliated alma maters and their host organizations. This study evaluates the role of social media communication—Facebook platform in our study, in creating and sustaining communities of practice among global service-learning alumni from Iowa State University of the United States and Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. We examine how Facebook enhances alumni communication, promotes philanthropy, and encourages lifelong learning. Applying the principles of communities of practice and dual-process models of information processing—heuristic-systematic and elaboration likelihood models, we explore how these communities thrive over time and how various stakeholders can support them. Using qualitative content analysis in a case study approach, we reviewed 132 posts from the Center for Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (CSRL) Service-Learning Alumni Facebook page from 2013 to 2024. Our analyses revealed multiple emerging patterns, categorized under eight themes: seminars, family, academics, identity, awards, fundraising, travels, and ceremonies. Each theme illustrates how alumni create a strong sense of belonging through shared experiences. Family-related posts generated high emotional engagement, while academic achievements promoted motivation and pride. The dedicated Facebook group facilitated CSRL program events and fundraising campaigns, ultimately encouraging community engagement and alumni philanthropy. The findings highlight the importance of sustained engagement, showing how alumni maintain connections and encourage mentorship across global service-learning cohorts, reinforcing a sense of collegiality and comradeship. We also discuss the impact of external influences, such as government policies, on the sustainability of these communities of practice. Our recommendations focus on strategies to strengthen alumni networks and inter-institutional partnerships in facilitating global education programs. Future research should explore the varying degrees of alumni engagement, such as active versus meager participation, to help coordinators tailor communication strategies to improve alumni engagement.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Physico-Chemical, Functional, and Sensory Properties of an Optimized Pro-Vitamin A Maize and Iron-Rich Bean Composite Flour},

author = {Fungo R, Asiimwe A, Nambwayo J, Willington JS, and Mukisa IM. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.9734/afsj/2025/v24i11828},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-07},

urldate = {2025-11-07},

journal = {Asian Food Science Journal },

volume = {24},

issue = {11},

pages = {62–77},

abstract = {Biofortification is a strategy that has been proven to not only reduce the prevalence of micro-nutrient deficiencies, but also to tackle other forms of malnutrition. Apart from increasing the concentration of the target nutrient, biofortification has also been found to improve the concentration of other nutrients in the plant. However, the effectiveness of these crops in alleviating malnutrition largely depends on consumer uptake and acceptability and this can partly be achieved by including flour from biofortified crops as major components of composite flours. This study aimed at assessing the physio-chemical, functional and sensory properties of a composite iron rich bean based complementary flour optimized with pro-vitamin A bio-fortified maize composite flour. The optimized composite flour was made from bio-fortified maize, sesame, soy, sorghum, wheat and beans flours. In comparison to the control, the composite flour blend containing pro-vitamin A-rich maize and iron-rich beans, had a significantly higher (p <0.05) protein level of 11.9% and increased concentrations of vitamin A (1.6 µg/g), iron (6.0 mg/100g), and zinc (2.5 mg/100g) compared to the white maize-based complementary flour. The optimized flour also had lower (p<0.05) anti-nutrient levels with a moisture content (10.3%), fiber (3.1%), carbohydrates (66.3%), ash (2.8%) and a fat content (5.6%). The optimized composite generally showed better functional properties. With an overall sensory acceptability score of 7.1, the optimized composite porridge showed no significant difference from the other composites. Therefore, bio-fortified maize when used as part of the components for composite flour not only increases pro-vitamin A content but also improves its overall nutrient composition and therefore help in tackling other forms of malnutrition.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Assessment of genetic diversity and heterotic alignment of CIMMYT and IITA maize inbred lines adapted to sub-Saharan Africa},

author = {Tinovonga Gonhi, Thomas Lapaka Odong, Isaac Onziga Dramadri, Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula, Zvenhamo Albert Chiteka, Emmanuel Amponsah Adjei, Dean Muungani, Abebe Menkir, Badu-Apraku Baffour, Idris Adejumobi, Brigitte Uwimana, Thanda Dhliwayo, Dagne Wegary and John Derera},

doi = { https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21401},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-06},

urldate = {2025-11-06},

journal = {Crop Science},

abstract = {Despite the breeding efforts by many institutions, maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in sub-Saharan Africa is still low. A limited number of productive maize hybrids have been developed partly due to a lack of knowledge on the diversity and heterotic relationship of the germplasm, especially in public breeding programs. Understanding the extent of diversity, structure, and heterotic grouping of available maize germplasm originating from different breeding programs is important to enhance long-term genetic gain in hybrid maize breeding programs by optimizing heterotic pools using modern breeding tools. Information about the genetic structure of the available germplasm could help breeders design effective breeding strategies to improve yield. This study was conducted to determine the genetic diversity, population structure, and heterotic alignment among 187 elite maize inbred lines from the IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) and CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) maize breeding programs. The inbred lines were genotyped with 9857 Diversity Array Technology sequencing based single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Hierarchical clustering revealed three major groups, with some subgroups consistent with the selection history, and pedigree of the inbred lines. Three broad groups were detected: two consisting of CIMMYT lines and a mixed group consisting of both CIMMYT and IITA inbred lines. The STRUCTURE analysis revealed six subpopulations (fixation index value = 0.58), which depicts a moderate genetic diversity among the materials. Population 2 comprises the highest number of genotypes (102) from both programs. More than 89% of the elite lines had homozygosity exceeding 95%, with the remaining lines requiring further inbreeding through repeated self-pollination. There was inconsistency in the predetermined heterotic groups' alignment between CIMMYT and IITA elite inbred lines. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that 96% of the total variation was accounted for by differences within groups, with the remaining 4% representing the variation between groups. This suggests that the two programs can benefit from germplasm exchange for the improvement of maize productivity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Functional Enrichment of Dried Fettuccine Noodles through Apricot Kernel Flour Addition},

author = {74)	Farhab, M., Shah, F., Hafeez, H., Sajid, M. W., Ahmad, Z., Ali, U., Tariq, M. R., Ercisli, S., Uddin, J., Mugabi, R., & Nayik, G. A. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ijfood/vvaf211},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-01},

urldate = {2025-11-01},

journal = {International Journal of Food Science and Technology},

abstract = {Apricot kernels are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds. This study examined how incorporating apricot kernel flour (AKF) into wheat flour noodles at 10–50% levels affects their quality. Composite flours were assessed for rheological behaviour, and noodles were evaluated for nutritional composition, antioxidant activity, microbial load, and sensory attributes during 60 days of storage. Results revealed that increasing AKF concentration significantly (p < .05) enhanced protein, fat, ash, and fibre content, along with elevated mineral levels (Ca, K, Na, and Zn) in noodles. Antioxidant activity also improved, with greater DPPH inhibition, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and total phenolic content, particularly in the 50% formulation. Storage resulted in higher water activity and softer texture, while AKF reduced microbial counts and improved sensory acceptance. The findings demonstrate that AKF is a sustainable functional ingredient that enhances the nutritional quality and shelf life of noodles, adding value to an agro-industrial by-product for health-oriented food applications.},

key = {apricot kernel flour, noodles, supplementation, antioxidants, nutrition},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Capacity strengthening of animal genetic improvement education in Africa. },

author = {Aggrey, S.E., Osei-Amponsah, R., Donald R. Kugonza, R., Mrode, R.A., Rekaya, R. & Rege, J.E.O.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92076-9_27 },

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-01},

journal = {African Livestock Genetic Resources and Sustainable Breeding Strategies, Springer},

pages = {1109-1121.},

abstract = {Africa is home to a rich diversity of farm animal genetic resources which play major roles in poverty alleviation, food, and nutritional security as well as helping meet various socio-cultural needs. These valuable animal resources range from the major species such as pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys, camelids, poultry, aquatic resources, and bees to micro-livestock such as guinea fowl, grasscutters, and cavies. In line with the Global Plan of Action on Animal Genetic Resources, there is a need for Africa to sustainably manage these resources and help ensure their conservation. Genetic improvement of Africa’s animal resources will be key to breeding resilient, productive, and climate-adaptive animals for the current and future generations. Unfortunately, Africa continues to lag behind in both the institutional and human resource capacity for animal genetic resources management, including improvement. This chapter presents a brief overview of human resources capacity challenges, limitations in animal breeding and genetics and subsequently suggests how to turn some of the challenges into opportunities. The basic concepts and misconceptions in animal breeding, lessons learned from past capacity-building initiatives, and the need to improve agricultural education in primary and secondary schools are covered. Additionally, we review post-secondary technical education and graduate education in animal breeding. Finally, we highlight the need to embrace good collaborative partnerships to enable Africa to boost its human and institutional capacity in order to take advantage of current and emerging innovative technologies in animal breeding education.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Defining breeding goals and breeding strategies for pigs in various African production systems},

author = {Kugonza, D.R. & Osei-Amponsah, R.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-92076-9_19#citeas},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92076-9_19},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-01},

urldate = {2025-11-01},

journal = {African Livestock Genetic Resources and Sustainable Breeding Strategies, Springer},

pages = {819–847},

abstract = {Pigs (Sus scrofa) are an important animal genetic resource in Africa with many different genotypes adapted to various environments and production systems. Sustainable animal breeding programmes seek to correctly evaluate breeding candidates and select the ones most appropriate to be parents of the next generation in order to achieve desired breeding goals and objectives. This chapter presents an overview and significance of pig production in Africa as well as components of sustainable breeding programmes in the context of farmer-preferred traits. Cognisant of genotype–environment interactions, there is a need to select appropriate genotypes for specific breeding objectives and production systems. Additionally, we discuss the changing environmental conditions and market demands and make a case for the need to breed more productive, resilient pigs for both current and future generations. However, this must be done in consonance with available genetics, feed, housing, healthcare and the targeted markets. The importance of indigenous and locally adapted pig breeds and their sustainable utilisation and conservation as important players in protein-source food security, livelihoods and wealth creation are presented. The need for all stakeholders to be actively involved in defining objectives for pig breeding, human and institutional capacity building as well as sustainable government policies cannot be overemphasised. Finally, we posit that any pig breeding programme aimed at improving the productive and adaptive qualities of pigs in Africa should aim at conserving locally adapted genotypes while making use of emerging innovative technologies for greater efficiency.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Breeding goals and strategies for improving small ruminant productivity in African input systems},

author = {Julie M. K. Ojango, Richard Osei-Amponsah, Isidore Houaga, Timothy Gondwe, Moses Okpeku & Donald R. Kugonza },

url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-92076-9_17},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 3-031-92076-9_17},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-11-01},

urldate = {2025-11-01},

journal = {African Livestock Genetic Resources and Sustainable Breeding Strategies, Sustainable Development Goals Series, Springer},

pages = {759–783},

abstract = {Africa’s sheep and goat genetic resources are well adapted to their production environments, are important components of the food basket, a source of employment and wealth and fulfil socio-cultural and religious roles. This chapter provides information on the key components of sheep and goat breeding programmes, including various technologies adapted in breeding programmes in Africa. Section 17.1 presents a general overview of sheep and goat production in Africa to contextualize the importance of sheep and goat breeding programmes for the continent. This is followed by an outline of the key components required to define breeding goals for sheep and goats with examples of parameters developed and breeding practices adopted in different sheep and goat populations in Africa in Sect. 17.2. Breed-specific examples of successful breeding programmes and the lessons learned in relation to genotype–environment interaction, socio-economic aspects, and various strategies to ensure sustainable use and conservation of sheep and goat in Africa are discussed in Sects. 17.3 and 17.4. The final sections of this chapter (Sects. 17.5 and 17.6) present an overview of external factors that influence breeding structures and opportunities for adopting new technologies in sheep and goat improvement in Africa. An important recommendation is the need for governments in Africa to invest in human and institutional capacity development, encourage public–private partnerships, and embrace technological innovations in small ruminant production.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Climate change anxiety among young women living in the urban slums of Kampala, Uganda: Findings from the baseline assessment of the TOPOWA cohort study. },

author = {Swahn, M. H., Matovu, G., Natuhamya, C., Murray, K. E., Ndetei, D. M., Palmier, J., Nabulya, A., Wandji, S., & Twinomuhangi, R. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2024-002439},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-10-30},

urldate = {2025-10-30},

journal = {BMJ Public Health},

volume = {3},

issue = {2},

abstract = {Introduction: Climate change is an emerging global health crisis, particularly in low-resource settings like Uganda's urban slums. These areas face significant challenges in mitigating climate risks, exacerbating the vulnerability of residents. This study aims to assess the prevalence of climate change anxiety and its association with generalised anxiety among young women living in urban slums. Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing community-based mental health strategies and resilience-building initiatives to address the psychological impact of climate change.



Methods: This study utilises baseline data from 'The Onward Project On Wellbeing and Adversity' (TOPOWA), a prospective cohort study focused on mental illness and social determinants of health among young women aged 18-24 years living in Kampala's urban slums. A total of 300 women were recruited from three sites: Banda, Bwaise and Makindye. At baseline, interviewer-administered surveys measured climate change anxiety using the 13-item Climate Anxiety Scale and generalised anxiety using a 7-item scale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the associations between climate anxiety, generalised anxiety and demographic factors.



Results: Of the 249 women included in the analysis, 21% reported moderate to severe levels of climate change anxiety, while the remaining 79% experienced mild to minimal levels. Multivariate analysis revealed a strong association between higher levels of generalised anxiety and increased climate change anxiety. Additionally, older age was linked to higher climate anxiety, whereas higher education levels and living in multigenerational households were associated with lower levels of climate anxiety.



Conclusion: One in five young women in Kampala's urban slums experiences moderate to severe climate change anxiety, closely linked to generalised anxiety. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions and community-based resilience programmes. Leveraging family support in multigenerational households may also play a role in reducing climate-related anxiety and fostering adaptive coping mechanisms.},

key = {Adolescent; Community Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Epidemiology; Mental Health},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Fish ill-health incidents and management in hatcheries in Uganda. Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences},

url = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ujas/article/view/310040},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v23i2.2},

issn = {1026-0919},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-10-30},

volume = {23},

issue = {2},

pages = { 105–119},

abstract = {With increasing aquaculture intensification, emergence of fish ill-health incidents is expected, particularly under hatchery conditions, owing to stress attributed to for instance poor water quality and overcrowding, and improper nutrition. The objective of this study was to explore the ill-health incidents in fish hatcheries in Uganda. This was done using a face-to-face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 48% of the 56 sampled hatcheries had experienced fish disease incidents, with African catfish being the most affected species (81.5%). Disease signs and symptoms were mainly observed during the fry (66.7%), fingerling (55.6%) and larva (51.9%) stages. Among 27 hatcheries, the most common disease signs and symptoms observed were cotton-wool growth (20), red spots on skin and fins (12), fish swimming upside down (12), and tail and fin rot (11). The analysis revealed that the level of experience of the farmer, the type of hatchery facility, and water quality monitoring were significantly associated with ill-health incidents in hatcheries. The results inform policy and practice, improving disease prevention and control to safeguard fish health and ensure Uganda’s long-term viability aquaculture.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Fish ill-health incidents and management in hatcheries in Uganda. Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences},

url = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ujas/article/view/310040},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v23i2.2},

issn = {1026-0919},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-10-30},

urldate = {2025-10-30},

journal = {Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences},

volume = {23},

issue = {2},

pages = { 105–119},

abstract = {With increasing aquaculture intensification, emergence of fish ill-health incidents is expected, particularly under hatchery conditions, owing to stress attributed to for instance poor water quality and overcrowding, and improper nutrition. The objective of this study was to explore the ill-health incidents in fish hatcheries in Uganda. This was done using a face-to-face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 48% of the 56 sampled hatcheries had experienced fish disease incidents, with African catfish being the most affected species (81.5%). Disease signs and symptoms were mainly observed during the fry (66.7%), fingerling (55.6%) and larva (51.9%) stages. Among 27 hatcheries, the most common disease signs and symptoms observed were cotton-wool growth (20), red spots on skin and fins (12), fish swimming upside down (12), and tail and fin rot (11). The analysis revealed that the level of experience of the farmer, the type of hatchery facility, and water quality monitoring were significantly associated with ill-health incidents in hatcheries. The results inform policy and practice, improving disease prevention and control to safeguard fish health and ensure Uganda’s long-term viability aquaculture.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Effects of germination and ultrasound treatment on the thermodynamics, nutritional and structural quality of highland barley fractions},

author = {Tufail, T., Ul Ain, H. B., Ashraf, J., Saeed, F., Basharat, Z., Ahmed, Z., Waseem, M., Xu, B., Manzoor, M. F., & Mugabi, R. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107652},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-10-27},

urldate = {2025-10-27},

journal = {Ultrasonics Sonochemistry},

volume = {123},

issue = {107652},

abstract = {Current research investigates the effect of ultrasonication (US) (20/40/60 kHz, 220 W, 30 min), germination (65 °C, 6 h), and their combined treatment (US + G) on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancement and quality profile of barley flour and bran. The results showed the highest improvements in ultrasound-assisted germinated barley flour. GABA levels increased significantly, correlating with enhanced GAD and GABA-T enzyme activities. Similarly, TPC, TFC and antioxidant potential were improved, associated with upregulated expression of mPAL, mC3H, mCHS, and mC4H genes in WB and BB tissues, enhancing phenolics biosynthesis. Surface disruptions, increased porosity, and cellular disintegration were observed in ultrasonicated samples. XRD patterns showed significant molecular arrangements and increased amorphous regions in ultrasound-treated fractions. Furthermore, FTIR spectra reveal protein unfoldings in the amide I region, suggesting enhanced protein functionality in ultrasound-assisted germinated flour. Hence, ultrasound-assisted germination can be proposed as a sustainable approach for nutritional enhancement of barley fractions to improve their suitability for functional implications.



},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Aphid control using natural enemies: Lessons for fine-tuning banana-aphid management},

author = {Christian Adjalla, Bonaventure A. Omondi, Geofrey Ogwal, Walter Ocimati, Peter Wasswa and Guy Blomme},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2025.105905},

issn = {1049-9644},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-10-22},

urldate = {2025-10-22},

journal = {Science Direct},

volume = {210},

abstract = {Aphids are serious crop pests and vectors of plant-pathogenic viruses. Natural enemies (parasitoids, pathogens, and predators) can be effective aphid control agents. Vector control can achieve the sustainable management of vector-borne diseases. However, this strategy is under-explored for Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD). This study conducted a systematic review of available literature on aphid control using natural enemies. It has highlighted key opportunities for exploiting and fine-tuning banana-aphid and BBTD control using natural enemies. Relevant literature was identified using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The search used Scopus and Web of Science databases, employing specific search terms related to aphids and their natural enemies. Data was extracted from 276 publications. A keyword network analysis highlights aphid-parasitoid interactions, aphid-predator interactions, and agroecological aspects of aphid management using natural enemies as key research themes. The analysis also shows natural enemies to have been successfully deployed using classical, augmentative, and conservation strategies. The paper describes their effects on aphids, and the influence of management practices, plant traits, and plant diversity. It also presents examples of agroecological manipulations, within and around fields, and within the broader landscape affecting natural enemies., The mediating effects of crops and agroecological conditions could be explored for controlling banana aphids.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Navigating the clean cooking transition in Uganda: Assessing awareness, accessibility, affordability, and performance of improved cook stoves and clean fuels.},

author = {Michael Ahimbisibwe, Haam Rukundo, Moses Angenyi, Evans Atwijukire, Biringi Oswaldo, Lydia Kebirungi and Ephraim Nuwamanya},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-10-03},

journal = {African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology},

volume = {19},

issue = {10},

pages = { 366-389},

abstract = {Uganda’s heavy reliance on biomass for cooking poses severe environmental, health, and socioeconomic challenges, despite national and global initiatives promoting cleaner alternatives. This study

assesses the awareness, accessibility, affordability, and performance of improved cook stoves and clean

fuels at household and institutional levels across Uganda. Using a mixed-methods design (789 surveys,

40 key informant interviews, 12 focus group discussions, and controlled cooking tests), data were

collected from four regions representing Uganda’s major ecological and socio-economic zones. Results

reveal that while awareness of improved cook stoves is high (78%), adoption remains low, driven by

affordability barriers, limited supply chains, and cultural preferences for traditional stoves. Institutions

show greater uptake than households, yet cost and maintenance remain critical constraints.

Performance tests confirmed efficiency gains of 30 to 50% in fuel savings compared to three-stone fires,

with significant reductions in cooking time and emissions. Logistic regression identified income,

education, and fuel accessibility as the strongest predictors of adoption. The study concludes that

Uganda’s clean cooking transition requires integrated policies linking affordability, supply chain

development, gender-sensitive outreach, and climate finance. Findings provide evidence to guide

implementation of NDP IV, inform Uganda’s NDCs, and contribute to the global clean energy transition

discourse by highlighting barriers and enablers under real-use conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Physical, physicochemical and nutritional properties of low chill apple varieties (Anna and Golden Dorsett) grown in the highlands of Uganda},

author = {Tumwine, G., Atukwase, A., Tumuhimbise, A. G., Mukisa, I. M., Mugabi, R., Kubiriba, J., & Agaba, R. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00539-8},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-29},

urldate = {2025-09-29},

journal = {Discover Food},

volume = {5},

issue = {311},

abstract = {Two low chill apple varieties namely; Anna and Golden Dorsett were introduced in Uganda in 1999 and are currently grown as cash crops in Kigezi, Rwenzori and Elgon highlands. However, little is known about their physical, physicochemical and nutritional properties. This study compared these two varieties with the commonly imported apple variety (Cripps Red). The results indicated that Anna and Golden Dorsett had significantly higher (p < 0.05) fruit weight (104.2 and 124.9 g) compared to Cripps Red (100.8 g), and larger diameters (63.2 and 62.2 mm versus 61.3 mm respectively). Fruit firmness was also higher in Anna (24.6 N) and Golden Dorsett (28.6 N) than in Cripps Red (21.3 N). The percentage juice yield was highest in Golden Dorsett (72.2%), followed by Cripps Red (64.5%) and Anna (38.8%). Total Soluble Solids (TSS) was higher in Anna and Cripps Red (12°Brix) compared to Golden Dorsett (11°Brix). The pH levels were lower in Anna (3.5) and Golden Dorsett (3.5) than Cripps Red (3. 8). Vitamin C content was higher in Cripps Red (5.5 mg/100 g) compared to Anna (3.9 mg/100 g) and Golden Dorsett (3.9 mg/100 g). β-carotene was higher in Anna (0.04 RAE mg/100 g) compared to Golden Dorsett (0.03 RAE mg/100 g) and Cripps Red (0.01 RAE mg/100 g). Calcium content was highest in Golden Dorsett (7.5 mg/100 g) followed by Anna (7.1 mg/100 g) and Cripps Red (2.9 mg/100 g). The high TSS, juice yield, β‐carotene and calcium in apple varieties grown in Uganda suggest that they provide better benefits for fresh consumption and industrial use.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Socio-cultural and economic determinants of clean cooking technology adoption in Uganda. },

author = {Michael Ahimbisibwe; Haam Rukundo; Birungi Oswaldo; Moses Angeny; Evans Atwijukire; Isaac Newton and Ephraim Nuwamanya},

url = {https://journals.aesacademy.org/index.php/aaes/article/view/10-03-05},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2025.100305},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-25},

urldate = {2025-09-25},

journal = {Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science},

volume = {10},

issue = {3},

pages = {421-432},

abstract = {This study examined socio-cultural and economic determinants influencing clean cooking technology adoption, with emphasis on cultural norms, gender roles, income, education, and user perceptions in Uganda. A cross-sectional survey of 480 households from urban, peri-urban, and rural areas in six districts employed structured interviews and questionnaires. Awareness of improved cook stoves and alternative fuels (briquettes, LPG, ethanol) was high (74%), but adoption was low (27%). Major barriers included high upfront costs (68%), limited distribution networks (52%), and perceived incompatibility with traditional cooking methods, especially for staple dishes. Adoption was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among households with at least one adult completing secondary education (42% vs. 18%) and those earning above UGX 300,000 or 83.90 USD /month, who were 3.1 times more likely to adopt. Women were the primary cooks in 93% of households, with girls aged 7–16 frequently assisting. Cultural beliefs, such as firewood enhancing food flavor and symbolizing tradition, further influenced adoption decisions. The findings indicated that accelerating clean cooking adoption in Uganda requires culturally sensitive and gender-responsive interventions, integration of local knowledge, targeted behavior change communication, supportive policy frameworks, and sustained financing. Strengthening supply chains and empowering women as energy entrepreneurs are essential to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) on universal modern energy access.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Differential distribution of fine roots between Robusta coffee and shade trees influences water use.},

author = {Judith Kobusinge, Godfrey H. Kagezi, Godfrey Sseremba, Godfrey Taulya, Alice Nakitende and Geofrey Arinaitwe },

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10457-025-01319-0},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-025-01319-0},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-24},

urldate = {2025-09-24},

journal = {Agroforestry Systems},

volume = {99},

issue = {231},

abstract = {Coffee is Uganda’s most important cash crop, commonly grown in agroforestry systems that offer shade, food, timber, and microclimate regulation. However, shade trees may compete with coffee for water and nutrients. This study characterized root distribution and water use of Robusta coffee and shade trees. A randomized complete block design was used with three treatments: coffee under Albizia coriaria (ACS), coffee under Ficus natalensis (FNCS), and open sun coffee (COSS), each replicated three times. Soil moisture was monitored using a Diviner 2000, and fine root distribution assessed through soil sampling up to 100 cm depth at varying distances from coffee plants (≤ 50, 51–199, and ≥ 200 cm). ImageJ software was used to measure root length from which root length density (RLD) and specific root length (SRL) were computed per depth layer. Significant differences in RLD were observed (p < 0.05), highest in COSS (0.11 cm/cm3) and lowest in FNCS (0.06 cm/cm3). Most fine roots were concentrated in the top 20 cm. Horizontally, FNCS showed differentiation, with coffee roots mainly at 51–199 cm, and F. natalensis roots at ≤ 50 cm. FNCS had the highest SRL (1063.9 cm/g), and ACS the lowest (597.8 cm/g), though differences were not statistically significant. Vertically, F. natalensis roots dominated the 80–100 cm layer, while coffee roots were concentrated at 20–40 cm. Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) varied with season and shade tree species but differences among systems were not significant. The findings indicate competition for water between coffee and shade trees, emphasizing the importance of shade tree management to reduce below-ground competition.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Multi-stakeholder approaches to food security and adaptive governance for sustainable agriculture in Sub Saharan Africa},

author = {Kpoviessi A., Adipala E., Nampala M., Bobe B., Makhoka J., Edema R., Dramadri I., Ozimati A.,

Assogbadjo A., Sinsin B.},

url = {https://afjrdev.org/index.php/jos/article/view/659},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-24},

urldate = {2025-09-24},

journal = {African Journal of Rural Development},

volume = {10},

issue = {2},

pages = {80-110},

abstract = {In Africa, the great challenge posed by climate change, population growth, and economic instability to food and agricultural sustainability represent a complex landscape which necessitates a multi-stakeholder approach and adaptive governance strategies in order to set up a sustainable and resilient food system. To direct attention to this problem, this paper examines systematically the common point of economic development, plant breeding, policy practices and agricultural reinvestment. The agricultural landscape is modified by the climate change effect, requiring advanced plant breeding techniques to create crop varieties capable of resisting or be resilient to extreme weather events, pests and diseases. These efforts are pivotal for preserving and improving food security in Africa.  Simultaneously, there is an urgent demand to grow African economies and at the same time assure food availability and accessibility for African fast growing population. However, economic trends, best practices and future policies are crucial to adapt the future of African agriculture. The reinforcement of current policies and by increasing the reinvestment in the agricultural sector, African countries can create good environments for food security and sustainable economic growth. This requires multiple stakeholders like government agencies, research institutions, private sector entities and local communities. Importantly, adaptive governance structures are essential for addressing African agriculture dynamic challenges. The governance structures must be flexible enough to satisfy the market fluctuations, respond to the changing climatic conditions and technological advancements while remaining rooted in the local contexts and traditional knowledge.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The Role of Multi-Actor Engagement in Improving Market Access for Lead actors-A Case of Pineapple Value Chain in Uganda.},

author = {Magala, D. B., Nasirumbi-Sanya, L., Mayanja, S. & Seruwu, G.},

url = {https://afjrdev.org/index.php/jos/article/view/513},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-24},

urldate = {2025-09-24},

journal = {African Journal of Rural Development},

volume = {10},

issue = {2},

pages = {125-140},

abstract = {In Uganda, the Participatory Market Chain Approach, an innovative methodology was used to enhance collaboration among market actors to improve the competitiveness of the pineapple sub-sector. Due to limited evidence on how the multi-stakeholder interactions support actors to access markets, this study used the Innovation Systems Function Framework to analyze how the functions and activities of platform actors enhanced the visibility of the pineapple innovations. The study employed a qualitative approach involving focus groups discussions with 75 pineapple farmers and 44 key informant interviews with pineapple chain actors. Eleven respondents from the public and private sectors who participated in the participatory market chain approach process were also interviewed. The findings show that functions of entrepreneurial activities, knowledge exchange and development, knowledge dissemination and diffusion, guidance of search, market formation, and resource mobilization contributed greatly to enhance market access for pineapple innovations. Collaborative engagement is therefore important to obtain knowledge about user behavior and preferences for integration into the product development process.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{,

title = {Linking Community Capitals and Capacity to Conservation and Development Outcomes: A Multidimensional Analyisis of Tanzania's Wildlife Management Areas},

author = {Mngulwi, M. E., Eilu, G., & Ayorekire, J.},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397482270_Linking_Community_Capitals_and_Capacity_to_Conservation_and_Development_Outcomes_A_Multidimensional_Analyisis_of_Tanzania%27s_Wildlife_Management_Areas/citations},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70049},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-23},

urldate = {2025-09-23},

journal = {Integrative Conservation},

volume = {4},

number = {4},

pages = {627-640.},

abstract = {In recent years, community‐based conservation approaches have gained popularity as essential tools for enhancing biodiversity

conservation while improving community livelihoods. These approaches emphasize the vital role of communities in preserving

and sustainably managing natural resources. However, their contribution to strengthening community capacity for conservation and development remains underexplored. This study applies the Community Capital Framework (CCF) to examine how

Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs), a community‐based conservation initiative in Tanzania, enhance community capacity for

conservation and development. Using a multiple case study design, data were collected randomly from selected respondents in

two WMAs: Ikona (northern Tanzania) and MBOMIPA (southern Tanzania). Qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated through household surveys and key informant interviews, and analyzed using expert‐driven and data‐driven techniques

(Betti & Verma double‐weighting scheme) to generate weights of each community capital. Results indicate that natural and

financial capitals are the most important for enhancing community capacity for conservation and development. No significant

differences were found between the two WMAs in the contribution of community capital overall. However, the development of

financial capital in Ikona WMA has stimulated improvements in physical capital, which in turn have strengthened human

capital and supported the development of political, cultural, and social capital. In contrast, MBOMIPA WMA has invested less

in financial capital, limiting development of physical capital and subsequent progress in human, political, cultural, and social

capitals. The overall Community Capacity Index shows contributions ranging from low (natural and cultural capitals) to

moderate (social, physical, human, political, and financial capitals) across WMAs. These findings suggest that WMAs have

moderately enhanced community capacity for conservation and development. This study recommends that WMAs invest more

evenly across all capitals to significantly strengthen community capacity for conservation and development.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Community resilience to cholera epidemics in Uganda: A realist-informed review of vulnerability and intervention mechanisms},

author = {Namakula, J., Aryaija-Karemani, A., Sseviiri, H., Twinomuhangi, R., PARES Consortium, Mayhew, S., & Ssengooba, F. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13983.1.},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-09-15},

urldate = {2025-09-15},

journal = {NIHR Open Research},

abstract = {Background

Uganda experiences recurring cholera epidemics. Current interventions prioritize strengthening health systems, neglecting community resilience. This paper explored pathways to enhancing community resilience against cholera.



Methods

We utilized a realist-informed review approach, employing the conceptual framework of Pawson and Tilley (1997) for data extraction, synthesis, and presentation and Blanchet et al. 2017’s theoretical framework to interpret Mechanisms and Outcome patterns necessary for community resilience. Data sources included peer-reviewed and other literature about Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and government interventions.



Findings

Current literature on cholera focuses heavily on aspects like community vulnerability, outbreak surveillance, and response strategies and less on broader concepts of community resilience. Kinship resilience literature helped fill the gaps around valuable perspectives on how communities navigate and bounce back from cholera outbreaks. Contextual vulnerability factors include weak detection systems, limited community health worker capacity, and sub-optimal Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene(WASH) practices and inadequate WASH infrastructure within refugee, fishing, and slum communities. Upstream water sources contamination impacts the spread of cholera to downstream areas, while cross-border movement of infected individuals worsens its transmission and spread. Preventive resilience mechanisms involve health system interventions focused on capacity building, WASH programs, community engagement and WASH infrastructures establishment crucially bolster community resilience. Community knowledge acquired through training or experiential learnings in managing cholera, alongside social cohesion reduce vulnerability. While most mechanisms focus on building absorptive resilience capacities, it is not clear how these mechanisms lead to intermediate health outcomes and broader resilience capabilities like adaptation and transformation.



Conclusions

Realist evaluations provide deeper understanding of how interventions guide effective cholera prevention strategies, leading to resilience. However, further research about community-led actions and external interventions that effectively build resilience is needed. Integrated approaches combining health system strengthening with community-based interventions need to be prioritized, while enhancing social capital, and supporting adaptive and transformative mechanisms for resilience.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Nutrition-sensitive determinants of anemia among women of childbearing age in Eastern Uganda},

author = {Nathalie Finagnon Kiki, John H. Muyonga, Richard Bukenya, Sênan Christa Lokossou,

Peterson Kato Kikomeko3, Andrew Mupere 4, Jackline Bonabana5, Ronald Walusimbi 5,

Hedwig Acham},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/394503918_Nutrition-Sensitive_Determinants_of_Anemia_among_Women_of_Childbearing_Age_in_Eastern_Uganda},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2025.168050},

issn = { 2157-9458},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-24},

urldate = {2025-08-24},

journal = {Food and Nutrition Sciences},

volume = {16},

issue = {8},

pages = {872-887},

abstract = {Anemia remains a major public health concern, affecting approximately 30%

of women aged 15 - 49 globally and 21% in Eastern Uganda, posing significant

risks to maternal and child health. Addressing this issue requires understand-

ing how nutrition is linked to broader health, social, and economic develop-

ment initiatives. This study examines the relationship between nutrition-sen-

sitive determinants—including household food insecurity, minimumdietary

diversity for women, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions—

and the prevalence of anemia, defined as hemoglobin levels < 11 g/dL in preg-

nant women and <12 g/dL in non-pregnant women. Data from the Uganda

National Panel Survey that included 558 weighted samples of women in East-

ern Uganda were reanalyzed. Descriptive analysis revealed that the overall

prevalence of anemia was 18.3%, with 24.3% and 17.8% among pregnant and

non-pregnant women respectively. The prevalence of anemia among women

of reproductive age varied from mild to moderate public health according to

the World Health Organization. Logistic regression analysis employed to ex-

plore the nutrition-sensitive determinants of anemia among women revealed

that anemia prevalence was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with several

factors (12) including the nutrition-sensitive variables such as MDD-W (AOR

= 0.73, p = 0.03), handwashing (AOR = 0.72, p = 0.031), and wealth index

(AORmiddle = 0.128, AORricher = 0.201, AORrichest = 0.103, p = 0.041). Interven-tions for anemia in Eastern Uganda need to focus on improving key nutrition-

sensitive indicators like dietary diversity, WASH practices, and wealth status

among women},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The role of sanitation behavior as a driver for antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli among lakeshore residents around Lake Victoria, Uganda.},

author = {Kabiswa, W., Kungu, J. M., Kalule, J. B., Ayorekire, J., Nakalembe, I., & Majalija, S. },

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12982-025-00874-2},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00874-2},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-20},

urldate = {2025-08-20},

journal = {Discover Public Health},

volume = {22},

number = {485},

issue = {1},

abstract = {Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Uganda, where poor sanitation, irrational antibiotic use, and environmental contamination exacerbate its spread. Escherichia coli (E. coli), a common gut bacterium and indicator of fecal contamination, has increasingly been implicated in harboring resistance genes. Communities living along Lake Victoria face heightened risk due to inadequate sanitation, open defecation, improper waste disposal, and informal antibiotic access. Despite these known vulnerabilities, limited research has explored how sanitation behavior influences AMR in lakeshore populations. This study examined the role of sanitation behavior in shaping patterns of AMR in E. coli isolated from stool samples of residents around Lake Victoria.



},

key = {Antimicrobial resistance Escherichia coli Lake Victoria Sanitation Waste disposal},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Determinants for scaling out improved cassava seed varieties in Uganda},

author = {Kalimunjaye, S., Akello, S., Namanda, S., & Agea, J. G},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395320843_Determinants_for_scaling_out_improved_cassava_seed_varieties_in_Uganda},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v33i3.7},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-19},

urldate = {2025-08-19},

journal = {African Crop Science Journal},

volume = {33},

issue = {3},

pages = {327–337},

abstract = {In spite of the growing demand for cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) for food and as raw material for industrial purposes in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), productivity remains constrained mainly by limited access to improved seed varieties. In Uganda, several cassava seed varieties have been released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), yet many smallholder farmers continue to rely on unimproved seed varieties characterised by low-yields, and disease-prone seed. The objective of the study was to assess the current scaling out of certified improved cassava seed varieties in selected areas in Uganda. A study was conducted in the districts of Kiryandongo, Serere and Kamuli in Uganda, which were selected due to their prior involvement in a pilot cassava formal seed system and established networks of cassava seed entrepreneurs (CSEs). Data were collected through household and key informant interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs). The study revealed that the determinants of scaling out were (i) training in cassava seed multiplication, (ii) education level attained and household size; in addition to completion of primary education tended to reduce likelihood of scaling NAROCASS1 by 17.8%; NASE14 by 23.3%, and (ii) receiving training in cassava seed multiplication associated with a 16.2% higher likelihood of scaling out NASE14. Training in cassava seed multiplication significantly boosted the likelihood of scaling out improved varieties, practical training approaches that align with farmers’ education levels to effectively promote scaling out of improved variety seed.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Cassava cyanide knowledge, risk perception, and adoption of preventive measures in Northwestern Uganda: a moderated mediation perspective},

author = {Jenifer Apil, Lucy Mulugo and Peter Atekyereza 

},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sustainable-food-systems/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1592661/full},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1592661},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-12},

urldate = {2025-08-12},

journal = {Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems,},

volume = {9},

abstract = {Background: With widely adequate efforts to promote food (cassava) safety, adoption still remains low. This study explored the knowledge of cassava cyanide poisoning, perceived threat, and adoption of preventive measures in Northwestern Uganda.Methods: Data were collected using focus group discussions (10), in-depth individual interviews (10), and household interviews (420). Participants responded to a culturally specific questionnaire that comprised demographic inquiries and adapted questions from the qualitative findings on knowledge, perceived threat, and adoption of preventive measures.Results: Perceived threat mediated the path between knowledge and the adoption of preventive measures, and the indirect effect was moderated by education and not gender. In other words, having knowledge of cassava cyanide poisoning was interconnected to the adoption of preventive measures through the risk perception of educated respondents.Conclusion: From the Health Belief Model perspective, the study recommends that cassava cyanide poisoning responsiveness campaigns should hinge on raising awareness of the risk associated with cyanide poisoning to motivate households to adopt recommended preventive measures.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Structural analysis of Uganda’s pig semen value chain: Actor networks, challenges, and opportunities},

author = {saac Kasoro, Donald Rugira Kugonza, Karen Marshall},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-2025052211171},

issn = {2363-6033},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-08},

urldate = {2025-08-08},

journal = {Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Sub-tropics},

volume = {126},

issue = {2},

pages = {159–169},

abstract = {Uganda's pig sector has expanded significantly, supporting households and value chain actors, and stimulating development in boar semen production. Despite this growth, the relationships and roles among actors within the boar semen production node remain unclear. This study conducted key informant interviews with six companies that were operating in Uganda between 2019 and 2023. These interviews examined a range of issues including the boar breeds reared and sourcing information, semen production and quality control practices, as well as constraints and opportunities. High-quality genetics enter Uganda through imported boars and gilts, with the six semen-production companies keeping a total of 23 boars (between two to six per company) predominantly of Duroc, Large White and Landrace breeds. Semen quality control involved both macroscopic (colour, temperature, smell) and microscopic (motility, concentration, viability) analyses, which conform to the set semen quality assessment methods. However, challenges remain in maintaining semen viability during storage, controlling storage temperature at 17℃, the high cost of boar genetics, and the lack of clear standards and regulations. Despite these issues, opportunities exist with the growing demand for quality genetics and farmers’ investment interests. Therefore, improved coordination and collaboration between actors along the boar semen value chain could streamline the sector and increase the productivity of Uganda's pig industry.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Climate Patterns and Extremes in Uganda’s Arabica and Robusta Coffee Regions.},

author = {Mulinde, C., Twinomuhangi, R., Majaliwa, J. G. M., Waiswa, D., Mfitumukiza, D., Tumwine, F., … Asiimwe, J.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2025.2542810},

issn = { 1937-6812},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-07},

urldate = {2025-08-07},

journal = {African Geographical Review},

abstract = {Future climate change and variability will unlikely offer better opportunities for increased agricultural production, especially for many African countries. For proper projections of climate into the future, there is a need to establish past climate patterns and variations in extremes. However, limited studies have ascertained spatial and temporal climate patterns due to a lack of high-resolution and continuous climate data at more local altitudinal scales. This study characterized rainfall and temperature trends and climate extremes (drought and extreme rainfall) in Arabica and Robusta coffee growing regions of Uganda; using a hybrid of daily and remotely sensed observational climate data, Rainfall-Anomaly Index, and farm-households' perceptions of climate extremes across various altitudes. Results showed that moderate drought and extreme rainfall generally had cyclic patterns and commonly occurred during March-to-May and September-to-November, respectively. Extreme rainfall was received in mid-to-high altitude Arabica and Robusta regions while drought occurred in Robusta and low-altitude Arabica regions. Farm households also reported drought, extreme rainfall, floods, landslides and hailstorms as major climate extremes. This study, therefore, recommends the implementation of operational adaptation policies and practices as well as early warning systems for efficient climate risk management across different altitudes in Arabica and Robusta coffee growing regions of Uganda.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Then electricity theft would end, nobody loves stealing”: Community-based solutions for improving electricity access in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda. },

author = {Kersey, J., Massa, C. K., Mbabazi, J., Asiimwe, P. K., Letaru, L., Jurua, M., Bulenza, S., Lukuyu, J., van Hove, E., Mwesigwa, P., Taneja, J., Johnson, N. G., Mukwaya I. P, Kammen, D. M., Kwong, L. H. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2025.104143},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-01},

urldate = {2025-08-01},

volume = {Energy Research & Social Science},

pages = {104143},

abstract = {“Then electricity theft would end, nobody loves stealing”: Community-based solutions for improving electricity access in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Effect of application of NPK fertilizer and bending of the mother plants on the suckering ability of selected Coffee Wilt Disease resistant Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) varieties in Uganda},

author = {Elijah Epedu, Godfrey H. Kagezi, Jenipher Bisikwa and Geofrey Titus Arinaitwe},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395178728_Effect_of_application_of_NPK_fertilizer_and_bending_of_the_mother_plants_on_the_suckering_ability_of_selected_Coffee_Wilt_Disease_resistant_Robusta_coffee_Coffea_canephora_varieties_in_Uganda},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.36349/easjals.2025.v08i07.001},

issn = {2617-7277},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-01},

urldate = {2025-08-01},

volume = {8},

issue = {7},

pages = {161-172},

abstract = {In response to the outbreak of Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD) in the 1990’s and 2000’s which killed nearly half of the Robusta coffee in Uganda, causing losses of about US$100 million, the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) released 10 CWD-r resistant varieties or Kituza Robusta (KR’s). These varieties are being mass produced by cloning though, KR1, KR3 and KR4 have been reported to have poor suckering ability. An on-station study was therefore conducted to determine the effect of NPK fertilizer and bending angle of mother plants on suckering ability of these varieties. A split plot design with three replications was used, with fertilizer levels (0, 50, 75 and 100 g) as main plot and bending angle (vertical, 0o, inclined, 45o and horizontal, 90o) as sub plot. Number of suckers, nodes, leaves and primary branches was established after 180 days. Number of suckers varied significantly (p≤0.05) across variety, bending angle and fertilizer levels, with the highest being recorded on KR4 (52.1), horizontally-bent plants (68.8) and mother bushes treated with 100 g of NPK (55.1). In addition, a significant (p≤0.05) interaction was also observed between the bending angle and fertilizer for all the three coffee varieties. Horizontally-bent coffee registered the highest number of suckers when applied with 100 g of NPK for KR1 (74.3) and KR3 (94.0) whereas, 75 g of NPK for KR4 (111.0). Our findings provide a guide to coffee nursery operators on best-bet good agronomic practices (GAP’s) for enhancing suckering of these CWD-r Robusta coffee varieties.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Valuing damages and benefits of the altered global nitrogen cycle; lessons for national to global policy support.},

author = {Hans JM van Grinsven, Baojing Gu, Alfredo Rodríguez, Laurence Jones, Roy Brouwer, Lena Schulte-

Uebbing, Felipe S Pacheco, Luis Lassaletta, Kentaro Hayashi, Jan van Dam, Nandula Raghuram,

Markus Geupel, Peter Ebanyat, Xiuming Zhang, Steven Lord, Sander de Bruyn and Mark A Sutton},

url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/adf07c},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-08-01},

urldate = {2025-08-01},

journal = {Environmental Research Letters},

volume = {20},

issue = {9},

abstract = {Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is increasingly used to inform environmental policy decisions by identifying interventions with the highest net societal benefits. Here we focus on CBAs for nitrogen (NCBA), explaining its history, presenting results of a recent first global NCBA and discussing opportunities and limitations. NCBAs have been conducted since the late 1990s for various geographic regions in Europe, the US, and China, primarily to support air quality and eutrophication policies. A first valuation of damages and benefits of the full nitrogen (N) cycle was conducted for the European Nitrogen Assessment in 2011, followed by NCBAs for the USA, the Netherlands and Germany. Here we present a first comprehensive global NCBA. Total global damage cost of N pollution in 2010 was estimated at US$1.1 trillion, primarily from increases in premature mortality by N derived PM2.5 (35%), terrestrial biodiversity loss by N deposition (33%), and marine eutrophication by N river loads (21%). Global benefits of N in 2010 were estimated at US$ 2.2 trillion with >95% from increased crop yields. By 2050, global N-related costs will rise faster than N benefits because underlying models project that economic growth (GDP) increases willingness-to-pay to prevent N pollution more than crop prices. The geographical distribution of N-related costs will also shift, with China and India surpassing Europe and North America as regions contributing most to global N-related costs. The estimated N cost range for 2010 was US$ 0.6–2.2 trillion with uncertainty largely in dose-impact and damage cost relations. Given the large uncertainties, when using valuation and NCBA to select a N mitigation option, the net benefits should be substantially higher than the costs and markedly better than for a rejected alternative option. Use of NCBA is discouraged to compare international policy options that involve regions with very different levels of GDP, cultures and political systems.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Soil and water contamination from oil exploration activities in the Albertine Graben study sites; Western Uganda.},

author = {Mwesigye A R., Tweheyo M., Kaye E. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-025-12451-6},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-26},

urldate = {2025-07-26},

journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences,  Springer},

volume = {84},

issue = {443},

abstract = {Large-scale oil deposits were announced in Ugandan in 2006, and subsequently proven by the drilling of numerous successful test wells. This study was conducted in Bulisa and Kikuube districts in 2020 to assess the environmental effects of oil exploration in the Albertine Graben. Interviews were conducted with households around exploration and waste management sites. Soil and water samples were collected around oil and gas exploration and waste consolidation sites following standard protocols and analysed for presence of trace elements and salts using Induced Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Social surveys revealed that oil and gas exploration displaced residential and agricultural landscapes, fishing grounds but also generated wastes that contaminated public water sources and agricultural soils. Laboratory analysis of soils revealed significantly higher concentration of salts such as Na, Mg, K and Ca as well as trace elements especially Fe, Ni, Cu, As and Pb around Kingfisher exploration sites and Bugungu waste consolidation area compared to controls (P < 0.01). However soil samples collected around Ngiri and Kigogole 1 exploration sites revealed no evidence of contamination. Water samples collected around Kingfisher exploration site contained significantly higher concentrations of S, Al, Co and Ni than controls (P < 0.05) but also generally higher concentrations of Fe and Mn. It would therefore appear that both area geology as well as oil and gas exploration activities contributed significantly to concentrations of salts such as Na, Mg, K and Ca and trace metals especially Fe, Al and Mn in water and soils in the Albertine Graben.},

key = {Petroleum exploration Wastes Trace metals Soil Water Contamination},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Agroecology in Africa: Lessons from interventions and stakeholders' perceptions in Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Senegal and Uganda},

author = {Baumüller, Heike, Miriam Romero, Assane Beye, Amy Faye, Rosemary E. Isoto, Christine Ann Predo,},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393976414_Agroecology_in_Africa_Lessons_from_interventions_and_stakeholders\'_perceptions_in_Ghana_Kenya_Malawi_Senegal_and_Uganda/citations#full-text},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-22},

urldate = {2025-07-22},

abstract = {Agroecology is gaining traction as a possible strategy for enhancing the sustainability and resilience of food systems, prompting increased support from some governments, donors, development organizations and civil society. However, the scope, design and impact of agroecology-related projects in Africa, as well as the perspectives of African stakeholders on agroecology, remain insufficiently understood. This study seeks to address these knowledge gaps by mapping and analysing agroecology-related projects in Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Senegal, and Uganda, drawing on insights from project coordinators, and by exploring the perceptions of a broader group of food system stakeholders in Senegal and Uganda. The findings show that most projects are led by national NGOs and predominantly funded by international donors, primarily European governments. For the most part, the projects demonstrate a high degree of diversification in both design and focus, offering a range of services and promoting a variety of crops and agroecological practices. Both coordinators and stakeholders highlight the environmental benefits of agroecology—especially improvements in soil health, biodiversity, and reductions in chemical input use—while also acknowledging socio-economic linkages, such as impacts on food security, income, yields, and the development of local markets. Insights on economic sustainability and profitability are lacking. Products from agroecological production did not benefit from a price premium. Key barriers to implementation and scaling include limited stakeholder engagement, inadequate political support, insufficient financial resources, and gaps in technical skills and knowledge. Overcoming these obstacles will require strong local leadership, early stakeholder involvement, integrated training and advisory services and sustained funding. Consistent with existing research, the results also suggest that agroecology is largely perceived as dependent on external expertise and initiative, rather than emerging as a bottom-up movement, highlighting the need to strengthen co-creation and foster greater local ownership.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Black soldier fly larvae composting as a bioremediation approach for heavy metals and pathogens in fecal sludge cake},

author = {Nalunga A., Komakech AJ., Karungi J., Kabenge I. and Schwarzböck T. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00291-x},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-21},

urldate = {2025-07-21},

journal = {Discover Environment},

volume = {3},

issue = {97},

abstract = {Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) composting is increasingly explored as a sustainable strategy to treat organic waste. This study assessed the potential of BSFL to reduce heavy metals and pathogens in fecal sludge cake (FSC) co-composted with fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) or cattle manure (CM). Seven treatments; T1 (100% FSC), T2 (75% FSC:25% CM), T3 (65% FSC:35% CM), T4 (55% FSC:45% CM), T5 (75% FSC:25% FVW), T6 (65% FSC:35% FVW), and T7 (55% FSC:45% FVW),were evaluated for reductions and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Fe, Cr, Zn) as well as Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Pb reduction ranged from 33.0% (T5) to 60.9% (T4), with the lowest bioaccumulation (4.4 mg/kg) in T4. Cu decreased by up to 43.1% (T7), while Zn showed the highest decrease (48.2%) in T6. Cr reduction peaked in T7 (32.4%), and Fe in T2 (28.7%). T5 achieved the highest E. coli reduction (99.8%), while T4 exhibited the highest S. aureus decrease (94.9%). Treatments with co-substrates (FVW or CM) consistently outperformed FSC alone, underlining their role in enhancing BSFL composting efficacy. These findings demonstrate the potential of BSFL composting to mitigate environmental and health risks associated with FSC use, offering a scalable solution for organic waste management in low-resource settings.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Intersecting climate data with farmer’s gendered perceptions on climate variability in Uganda’s cattle corridor.},

author = {Nalwanga, F.S., Nanteza, J., Obua, J. Mukwaya, I. P., Nimusiima, A., Kisira, Y., Odongo, R. I., & Wasswa, P. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13412-025-01035-2},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-21},

urldate = {2025-07-21},

journal = {Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences},

abstract = {Gendered adaptation to climate variability is greatly affected by how risks are perceived and how both women and men experience impacts. However, there is a lack of information on gendered perceptions validated with climate data. In Uganda's agro-pastoral corridor, we used a cross-sectional survey with 1106 household interviews to explore gendered perspectives on climate changes and how these corroborate with climate data. We also determined the socio-economic factors that influenced these perceptions. Results revealed no significant trends in the maximum, minimum, or mean annual temperature and annual rainfall trends. However, Rakai's MAM and Nabilatuk's SON seasonal rainfall showed significant increasing trends. Both genders observed climate changes, but there were notable differences in their perceptions. Factors such as remittances, health, access to information, water, and agricultural inputs significantly influenced men's perceptions of climate. In contrast, women's perceptions were influenced by age, education, health, land tenure security, household decision-making roles, livelihood diversity, and access to agricultural tools and inputs. Our study highlights significant gender-based differences in the factors influencing perceptions of climate, with women identifying more factors than men. Therefore, to promote equitable adaptation to uncertain climate changes, it is crucial to empower women, who constitute the majority of the farm labor force in the global south, to improve sustainability of livelihood.},

key = {Risks; Drought; Gendered perceptions; Climate variability; Cattle corridor; Uganda},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Lessons from On-farm Experimentation on Climate-Smart Management for Upland Rice in Uganda},

author = {Patrick Musinguzi, Lincolin Abasize, Paul Tamale, Tom Matila, Peter Ebanyat, Jackline Bonabana, James Mutegi, and Thomas Oberthür},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393740450_Lessons_from_On-farm_Experimentation_on_Climate-Smart_Management_for_Upland_Rice_in_Uganda},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.55693/ga41.WKDW5707},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-15},

urldate = {2025-07-15},

volume = {4},

issue = {1},

pages = {5-9},

abstract = {A farmer-led field study in western Uganda revealed varied rice yield gap reduction with nutrient application to major upland soil types and different responses to the impacts of climate variability due to moisture stress. Soil types are key factors for site-specific nutrient management and will influence the choice of climate-smart adaptation measures within this upland farming community.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Investigating a mode-of-action for the reduction of sunburn browning incidence in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple with foliar applications of a combination of boron and calcium. },

author = {Lötze, E., Mwije, A., and Hoffman, E.W. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2025.0042},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-02},

journal = {CABI Agriculture and Bioscience },

volume = {6},

number = {0042 },

issue = {1},

abstract = {Foliar applications of boron plus calcium (B+Ca) reduce fruit sunburn browning (SBB) incidence in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples. The unknown mode-of-action is suggested to involve ‘additive metabolite action’ (AMA) arising from augmenting several peel biochemicals. In this article, the relationship of peel metabolites and SBB incidence after B+Ca treatments was studied using a multivariate data analysis technique, to affirm the AMA postulate. Five different B+Ca treatments including a control (no B+Ca) were applied to ‘Golden Delicious’ trees in the Western Cape, South Africa. Thereafter, two data sets consisting of seasonal dynamics of peel metabolites and SBB incidence outcomes were subjected to a canonical correlation analysis (CCorA). The CCorA was performed using XLSTAT version 2010.4.01 in three separate cases: (i) a full experiment, (ii) two B+Ca treatments with the least SBB reduction, and (iii) two treatments with the best SBB reduction. In line with established knowledge of peel metabolite changes associated with SBB development, it was hypothesised that case (i) would result in a significant correlation between the data sets, whereas cases (ii) and (iii) would result in strong and weak relationships, respectively. The results for (i) were a significant overall model explaining 56% of variance shared between data sets with function 1 as λ = 0.441, F (36, 421.5) = 2.861, p < 0.0001, function 2 as λ = 0.706, F (24, 328.3) = 1.747, p = 0.018. In case (ii), a significant overall model explained 81% of the variance shared between data sets with function 1 as λ = 0.189, F (36, 140.4) = 2.184, p < 0.001), function 2 as λ = 0.382, F (24, 110.8) = 1.818, p = 0.020. And in case (iii), the model was non-significant. These results corroborate the AMA postulate, motivating further investigations into the probable cellular and biological pathways underpinning this AMA phenomenon. Eventually, this would enable the refinement, extension, and adoption of this low-cost nascent B+Ca approach to mitigate SBB disorders in several other fruit or vegetable crops.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Evidence of early genomic selection in Holstein Friesian across African and European ecosystems},

author = {Junxin Gao, Rayner Gonzalez-Prendes, Ying Liu, Juha Kantanen, Catarina Ginja, Nasser Ghanem, Donald Rugira Kugonza, Mahlako Makgahlela, Henk Bovenhuis, Martien A.M. Groenen and Richard P.M.A. Crooijmans},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11828-y},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-01},

urldate = {2025-07-01},

journal = {BMC Genomics},

volume = {26},

issue = {615},

abstract = {The Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle breed is the most dominant breed in commercial dairy farming worldwide and managed in more than 150 countries. These countries span diverse agro-climatic zones, ranging from tropical to cold regions. The introduction of HF animals in these regions occurred at different moments in the past which are poorly recorded and continued through importation of live animal and frozen semen. We hypothesize that the HF cattle populations in these regions underwent early forms of adaptation to these specific local environments. However, the detection of genetic variation associated with this adaptation remains poorly documented.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Relating hygienic behaviour with the age of comb and colony strength of hived East African lowland honey bees, Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera Apidae). },

author = {Donald Rugira Kugonza Frank Tukamuhebwa Tom Kisoboyi},

doi = { https://doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2025.16.2.301.313},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-06-30},

urldate = {2025-06-30},

journal = {Biodiversity Journal},

volume = {16},

issue = {2},

pages = { 301–313},

abstract = {Hygienic behaviour in honey bees is known for associating with parasite and disease resistance but the mechanisms influencing this behaviour are not well known. We studied the

hygienic relationship between the age of combs and colony strength of East African lowland

honey bees Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera Apidae) in Top-bar

hives (n = 24) selected from an apiary located in an African tropical rainforest. The findings

indicated that over 24 hours, there was no interaction between hygienic behaviour and colony

strength (P=0.9707). Hygienic behaviour was also independent of the age of the honeycomb

(P=0.9859). There was a non-significant difference in the number of cells cleaned, for both

Young and Old combs; and between two levels of colony strength (Strong Vs Weak) during

the day, with that number getting closer after 24 hours. There was an efficient rate of hygienic

response during the night than during daytime when strong colonies cleaned 32.35% of debris while the weak colonies did 20.55%; but at night, the cleaning rate rose to 65.85% in

strong and 73.9% among the weak colonies. Overnight, weak and new colonies cleaned

>96% of the cells attributable to the presence of a big population of worker bees at night,

and minimal colony activities notably foraging activity at that time. Whereas hygienic behaviour was not directed towards colony strength and age of the combs in 24 hours, there is

a need for maintaining strong colonies. Since the rate of cell cleaning was higher at night

than during the day, colony operations and hive disturbances should be done at night as opposed to daytime.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Multilocus Genome-Wide Association Identifies QTL and Candidate Genes Associated With Resistance to Flower Bud Thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) in Cowpea Minicore Population},

author = {Hellen Wairimu Gitonga, Samuel Kyamanywa, Thomas L. Odong, Musondolya Mathe Lukanda, Emmanuel Amponsah Adjei, Arfang Badji, Richard Edema, Mildred Ochwo, Innocent Vulou Unzimai and Isaac Onziga Dramadri},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pbr.70002},

doi = { https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.70002},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-06-23},

urldate = {2025-06-23},

journal = {Plant Breeding},

volume = {144},

pages = {787-801},

abstract = {Flower bud thrip (Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom) is a major insect pest of cowpea in sub-Saharan Africa causing flower abortions resulting in significant yield loss. The objective of this study was to identify cowpea genotypes with resistance to flower bud thrips and map genomic regions associated with resistance to flower bud thrips in cowpea. A total of 220 Minicore cowpea genotypes were evaluated for flower bud thrips resistance under natural infestation in five environments and genotyped with a high-density panel of 51,128 polymorphic SNP markers. Genotypes TVU-3804, TVU-7647 and Ecute were resistant to flower bud thrips across environments. Eleven significant GWAS signals associated with resistance to flower bud thrips in cowpea were detected on 8 chromosomes: Vu02, Vu03, Vu04, Vu06, Vu08, Vu09, Vu10 and Vu11 with marker 2_24860 (25.63 Mb) on chromosome Vu02 being consistently significant across environments. Positional candidate genes Vigun02g101600 (0.05 kb) and Vigun02g100900 (60.59 kb) from marker 2_24860 (25.63 Mb) on Vu02 encode leucine rich repeat and NB-ARC domains-containing disease resistance protein, respectively. These proteins are members of the disease resistance genes (R-genes) in the legume family, involved in both plant innate immunity and induced plant-specific defence responses. The identified genotypes and markers can be validated for use in marker assisted selection for flower bud thrips in cowpea.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Multi-locus GWAS analysis identifies genomic regions associated with resistance to ergot (Claviceps africana) in sorghum},

author = {Kebede D., Rubaihayo P., Tusiime G., Badji A., Odong T., Ochwo-Ssemakula M., Edema R., Gibson P.,

Dramadri I.O.},

url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0325224},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325224},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-06-23},

urldate = {2025-06-23},

journal = {PLOS ONE},

abstract = {Deployment of resistant genotypes is one of the major components of ergot disease management in sorghum. Identification of genomic regions and candidate genes associated with resistance to ergot is a key step to facilitate sorghum breeding for resistance to ergot. The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with resistance to ergot in sorghum. A total of 330 lines from the global sorghum association panel (SAP) population genotyped with 114920 genome wide SNP markers were used in this study. The SAP was evaluated for resistance to ergot in two field trials conducted at MUARIK during the first and second seasons of 2020 and 2021, respectively. Six multi-locus genome wide association studies (ML – GWAS) methods were used to identify significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs). ML – GWAS analysis using SAP population detected thirty-eight significant QTNs. Further analysis identified 19 QTNs with relatively higher phenotypic effects ranging from 5–12.7%. Additionally, 47 candidate genes linked with the significant QTNs were detected. Most of the identified genes were involved in several biological processes including DNA and RNA binding, metal ion binding, regulation of transcription and translation and transduction signaling related to defense response against pathogen infections. This study contributes to the identification of significant QTNs and candidate genes associated with resistance to ergot in sorghum.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Techno-economic analysis of clean cooking technologies and fuels in Uganda},

author = {Michael Ahimbisibw, Haam Rukundo, Moses Angeny, Evans Atwijukire, Isaac Newton and Ephraim Nuwamanya},

doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2025.1002017},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-06-12},

urldate = {2025-06-12},

journal = {Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science},

volume = {10},

issue = {2},

pages = { 303-315},

abstract = {Access to clean, affordable, and efficient cooking energy is a key development challenge in Uganda, with over 90% of households and institutions relying on traditional biomass fuels. This study  was focused on techno-economic assessment of cooking technologies and fuels through Controlled Cooking Tests (CCTs), surveys, and interviews across household and insti-tutional settings to evaluate fuel consumption, cooking time, cost, and user preferences across wood,  charcoal,  briquettes,  LPG,  and  electric  stoves.  The  results  showed  that  electric  hot plates and LPG stoves were the most energy-efficient, consuming 10.42 MJ and 13.28 MJ, respectively, cooking of 1 kg of beans compared to 38.81 MJ for improved wood stoves and 102.44 MJ for traditional three-stone fires. Cooking time, the improved institutional wood stove was the fastest (129 min), followed by LPG (151 min), traditional stoves (153 min), and electric hot plates (174 min). Fuel cost per kg of beans cooked was highest for LPG (Ugx 5,506) and electricity (Ugx 4,393), while improved briquette stoves were the cheapest (Ugx 302), though  their  adoption  remains  limited  due  to  availability  issues.  Improved  biomass  stoves demonstrated  up  to  62%  energy  savings  compared  to  traditional  devices,  offering  a cost-effective  and  scalable  transition  option.  This  study  provides  the  first  comprehensive performance  comparison across multiple fuel-stove combinations in Uganda and highlights critical trade-offs between energy efficiency, cost, and accessibility. Strategic policy actions including  targeted  subsidies,  investment  in  clean  fuel  supply  chains,  and  behaviour  change campaigns are recommended to accelerate adoption and support Uganda’s energy, climate, and development goals},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Genetic and post-weaning diet interventions for enhancing pig growth rates, carcass yield, and quality},

author = {Kugonza, D.R., Lubandi, C., Taabu, H.L., Mugala, L. (2025).},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.31220/agriRxiv.2025.00335},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-06-03},

urldate = {2025-06-03},

abstract = {Pig productivity is significantly affected by genetics and diet, so we determined the effects of pig genotype and post-weaning diet on their performance. Diets based on maize bran (MB), wheat bran (WB), and whole maize(WM) were fed to Cambrough (CC) (n=18,12.0 kg), Cambrough×LargeWhite (CL) crossbreds (n=18,9.6 kg) and Local Black (LB) (n=18,6.5 kg). Each genotype, sex of the pigs were randomly allocated to diets and fed for 120 days. Data collected: feed intake (FI), live weight (LWT), back-fat-thickness (BFT), and body-condition-score (BCS). At 180 days old, all males were slaughtered. Diet and genotype significantly influenced (P<0.05) growth and carcass characteristics. Weight gains were 360, 420, and 390 g/day for WM, MB, and WB; while the feed cost per kg of pork was US$1.13, 0.86, and 0.52, respectively. CC pigs had less back fat (4.8 mm) than crossbreds (7.7 mm) and tenderness score of 7.04 compared to 7.01 of CL pigs. Lean % was 33.5% (WM), 34.0% (MB), and 40.0% (WB) while acceptability scores by the trained panel were 6.45 (CC) and 6.42 (CL). WB diet was least-cost and produced better pig performance and pork quality than maize-based diets. CC pigs had leaner pork than CL. Bran should be the energy ingredient of choice in Uganda; Cambrough breed should be promoted among pig farmers in the Lake Victoria Crescent region.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The impact of weather shocks on food security in Uganda: a panel regression analysis},

author = {Michael Hübler, Brian Ogenrwoth, Ronald Walusimbi, Peter Ssali, Jackline Bonabana and Samuel Kyamanywa },

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12571-025-01542-8},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-025-01542-8},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-28},

urldate = {2025-05-28},

volume = {17},

pages = {957–978},

abstract = {Climate change endangers food security globally and in Uganda particularly. Our objective was the assessment of weather shocks’ impact on the food security of smallholder households in Uganda. We used the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) data. A multistage cluster sampling procedure had been employed to recruit respondents. We used the periods 2013/2014, 2015/2016 and 2019/2020 to construct an unbalanced panel with 3,935 observations. We employed Poisson and logit fixed effects panel regressions. Food security was measured as the number of meals consumed by a farming household each day or alternatively the likelihood of experiencing a food shortage. Our main result is that weather shocks unequivocally reduce households’ food security. Furthermore, households that are large, female-headed, lack literacy or assets or reside in Northern Uganda or in rural areas tend to suffer from reduced food security. In contrast, non-agricultural (business) activities improve the food security of households. Households with low asset ownership or residing in the North are hit hardest by weather shocks in terms of the number of meals, while households with middle asset ownership are hit hardest regarding food shortages. For development policy, our results are in favour of region-specific support for climate adaptation and for non-agricultural (business) activities, the improvement of literacy via better education and support for building up assets or starting non-agricultural (business) activities.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Breeding Practices, Flock Productivity, and Strategies for Enhancing the Performance of Indigenous Chicken Genetic Resources},

author = {Donald Rugira Kugonza Aline Kayitesi Christine Nakkazi and Marion Wilfred Okot},

url = {https://scholarpublishing.org/journals/index.php/DAFS/article/view/910},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.14738/tnc.1303.18859},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-25},

urldate = {2025-05-25},

journal = {Discoveries in Agriculture and Food Sciences},

volume = {13},

issue = {3},

pages = {80-93},

abstract = {Farmer knowledge of breeding practices, incubation, and disease management strategies for local chickens was studied in 120 households in the Gulu and Kiryandongo regions of Uganda using a questionnaire, administered during one-to-one interviews. We found that farmers were randomly sampled from each of the eight sub-counties studied. Local chickens in both locations reached sexual maturity at six months for both cocks and hens. The overall mean number of egg clutches/bird/year was 3.21±0.07, and eggs per clutch were 13.07±0.22. Breeding stock was mostly acquired through purchases for both districts, and 97.5% of all the farmers carry out selective breeding. Farmers in the study area used a variety of criteria when selecting hens and cocks as breeding stock. Body size for both cocks (index = 0.51) and hens (index = 0.38) were a key trait in the selection, and specifically for cocks, body height ranked second as a good physical trait for selection, and is a marker/indicator trait for body weight. In females, farmers rank egg production, mothering, and hatching ability highly, too. All farmers relied on natural incubation to hatch eggs, but the facilities differed widely among respondents in both districts (P<0.001). All farmers in Kiryandongo provided overnight shelters, differing from Gulu (P<0.001) where 43.3% of households had chickens perching on trees. Newcastle disease was the major disease reported by respondents in both districts. Capacity building of chicken farmers would go a long way to improve local chicken management and thereby, productivity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Breeding practices, flock productivity, and strategies for enhancing the performance of indigenous chicken genetic resources},

author = {Kugonza, D.R., Kayitesi, A., Nakkazi, C., Okot, M.W.},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392152593_Breeding_Practices_Flock_Productivity_and_Strategies_for_Enhancing_the_Performance_of_Indigenous_Chicken_Genetic_Resources},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.14738/tnc.1303.18859},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-25},

urldate = {2025-05-25},

journal = {Discoveries in Agriculture and Food Sciences},

volume = {13},

issue = {3},

pages = {80–93},

abstract = {Farmer knowledge of breeding practices, incubation, and disease management

strategies for local chickens was studied in 120 households in the Gulu and

Kiryandongo regions of Uganda using a questionnaire, administered during one-to-

one interviews. We found that farmers were randomly sampled from each of the

eight sub-counties studied. Local chickens in both locations reached sexual

maturity at six months for both cocks and hens. The overall mean number of egg

clutches/bird/year was 3.21±0.07, and eggs per clutch were 13.07±0.22. Breeding

stock was mostly acquired through purchases for both districts, and 97.5% of all the

farmers carry out selective breeding. Farmers in the study area used a variety of

criteria when selecting hens and cocks as breeding stock. Body size for both cocks

(index = 0.51) and hens (index = 0.38) were a key trait in the selection, and

specifically for cocks, body height ranked second as a good physical trait for

selection, and is a marker/indicator trait for body weight. In females, farmers rank

egg production, mothering, and hatching ability highly, too. All farmers relied on

natural incubation to hatch eggs, but the facilities differed widely among

respondents in both districts (P<0.001). All farmers in Kiryandongo provided

overnight shelters, differing from Gulu (P<0.001) where 43.3% of households had chickens perching on trees. Newcastle disease was the major disease reported by

respondents in both districts. Capacity building of chicken farmers would go a long

way to improve local chicken management and thereby, productivity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Decentralisation and Legal Pluralism in Small Towns in Uganda},

author = {Vargas AM, Mackay H, Andersson A, Mukwaya I. P, Muggaga, F. },

doi = { https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.2110Digital Object Identifier (DOI)},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-22},

urldate = {2025-05-22},

pages = {45:332},

abstract = {Weak decentralization, authoritarianism and limited economic development in small towns in Uganda have been seen as key obstacles to political inclusion. However, small towns in theory also hold hope for political inclusion due to the potential for more direct citizen engagement and flexibility to be able to respond to citizens' needs. Drawing on 58 focus groups, 24 key informant interviews, and three feedback meetings across seven towns, this research reveals persistent exclusion of marginalised groups due to local elite capture, national government dominance, resource constraints, and entrenched corruption. However, the study also identifies instances where flexible law enforcement—in issues such as street vending permits, housing permits, and water and sanitation regulation, has sometimes enabled responsiveness to citizen needs. Using the concept of legal pluralism, this article argues that the flexible application of the law not to allow for kleptocratic practices, but instead for innovative governance from below can enhance political inclusion and better align with the practical needs of citizens.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Temporal and interanimal variation in bloodspot acylcarnitine and amino acid profiles in relation to conventional metabolites and hormones in Holstein dairy cows},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030225001158},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3168/jds .2024- 25646.},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-16},

urldate = {2025-05-16},

journal = {Journal of Dairy Science},

volume = {108},

issue = {5},

pages = {5382–5404},

abstract = {The transition from late gestation to early lactation in dairy cows involves dynamic metabolic adaptations orchestrated by homeorhetic mechanisms, including hepatic fatty acid and AA metabolism. To gain deeper understanding of these mechanisms, we evaluated changes in bloodspot acylcarnitines (AC) and free AA profiles, and conventional blood biomarkers of energy balance (BHB, nonesterified fatty acids [NEFA], glucose, insulin, IGF-1, and fructosamine) along with weekly milk composition and DMI in 2 sequential observational trials. Data were analyzed using correlation and cluster analysis, and linear mixed-effects models with and without repeated measures. Study 1, which involved 28 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows sampled 7 d before calving and at 3, 6, 9 and 21 d after calving, revealed strong positive correlations between glycine-to-alanine ratio with BHB (r = 0.58) and NEFA (r = 0.59), though these correlations weakened in study 2. Four trajectory patterns in AC, AA, and metabolite ratios were identified. Group 1 (e.g., C5, C16, and C18) showed transient postpartum increase peaking by d 3 or 6, returning to prepartum levels by d 21. Group 2 (e.g., tyrosine, C0:(C16 + C18) exhibited transient postpartum decrease, normalizing by d 21. Group 3 (e.g., C4DC:C3, t[AC]:C0, and valine-to-phenylalanine ratio) displayed variable postpartum responses, whereas group 4 exhibited persistent differences at d 21, with elevated glycine-to-alanine and valine-to-leucine ratios but reduced methionine and ornithine-to-citrulline ratio compared with prepartum levels. Study 2, which examined intercow variations and comprised of 74 cows (83 lactations) sampled at 21 DIM, revealed 2 distinct clusters of clinically healthy cows based on longitudinal time serum BHB profiles: normal and high milk yield–hyperketonemia (HMY-HYK). The HMY-HYK cows had higher milk yield (41.6 ± 1.05 vs. 39.4 ± 0.767 kg/d), average serum BHB and NEFA (0.996 ± 0.086 vs. 0.754 ± 0.062 mmol/L and 0.498 ± 0.051 vs. 0.534 ± 0.071 mmol/L, respectively) and lower insulin (0.343 ± 0.030 vs. 0.368 ± 0.041ng/mL) compared with cows in the normal cluster. The higher milk yield, increased milk urea concentrations, and reduced bloodspot citrulline levels in the HMY-HYK cows suggest enhanced AA catabolism for gluconeogenesis and reduced activity in the ornithine-citrulline cycle. Elevated bloodspot malonylcarnitine, long-chain AC (LCAC) with C16 and C18 carbon chains, acetylcarnitine-to-free carnitine (C2:C0) ratio but lower free carnitine (C0) levels indicate efficient mitochondrial responses, potentially exporting acyl-CoA as C2 and LCAC to mitigate metabolic stress associated with elevated NEFA. In conclusion, bloodspot AC, AA, and metabolite ratios highlight time-dependent and interanimal shifts in adipose and muscle mobilization, as well as adaptive mitochondrial metabolism of NEFA and AA catabolism to support gluconeogenesis and thus, milk synthesis in early lactation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = { Economic advantage of sourcing certified sweetpotato planting materials from low to high disease pressure areas versus in situ multiplication at the latter. },

author = {N. Kwikiriza

S. Namanda

S. Zziwa

G. Kyalo

M.. McEwan

J.W. Low

S. Rajendran

R. O.M. Mwanga

},

doi = {. https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v33i3.8},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-12},

journal = {African Crop Science Journal},

volume = {33},

issue = {3},

pages = {339–351},

abstract = {Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a major staple crop in Uganda, with average on-farm yields of 4.2 t ha-1, far below the potential 25 t ha-1 on-station and under rain-fed conditions. Low productivity is attributed partly to limited access to affordable disease-free planting material, especially in high sweetpotato (SP) virus disease (SPVD) areas. Vine multiplication is more viable in low-SPVD zones, where previous cropped fields as the main sources of cross-infection dry up during prolonged dry periods. The objective of this study was to investigate the economic advantage of multiplying disease-free planting materials from the low-disease pressure areas in central Uganda and supplying them to high-diseased pressure areas in northern Uganda, compared to multiplying the materials in situ in the latter areas. A field survey was conducted in central and northern Uganda, areas known to be low and high in SPVD pressure, respectively. Results showed that vine multiplication in the low-SPVD areas incurred a cost of US$ 1.8 per bag of 1,000 of disease-free cuttings, compared to US$ 2.5 in high-SPVD areas, with profit margins up to 30% higher in low-SPVD areas. Although the cost of production per unit of vines was lower in the low SPVD pressure areas, sourcing disease free vines and subsequent transportation to high SPVD endemic areas, was not economically feasible due to high multiple transport costs. In situ multiplication in high SPVD pressure areas was the most cost effective since beyond 300 Km from the source, the transportation costs became prohibitive. From this study, it is recommended that disease free seed production in high SPVD areas should be strengthened to achieve self-sufficiency and sustainable vine production.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Collaborative Climate Information Services in Cities: The Role of Visual Ethnography.},

author = {92)	Buyana, K., Walubwa, J. J. A., Mukwaya, I. P., Sseviiri, H., Byarugaba, D., Nakyagaba, G. N.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1332/27523349Y2025D000000041 },

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-10},

urldate = {2025-05-10},

journal = {Global Social Challenges Journal},

volume = {4},

issue = {2025},

pages = {63-82},

abstract = {Diverse approaches to climate information services are emerging as impacts escalate in an urbanising globe. However, the climate information services involving cities are mainly collaborations with actors from science, multilateral, national and municipal authorities. There are limited efforts to build on knowledge from residents in local communities about risk and response options, to steer collaborations on climate information services. This article examines visual ethnography as an enabler of climate information services that connect societal and scientific objectives at local scales in cities. Based on case study findings from Kampala city in Uganda, local-level framings of climate risks and responses were grouped into exploratory and intersectional framings. The exploratory framings are risks and response options directly linked to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11 and 13 on cities and climate change respectively, while depicting some degree of contradiction. Intersectional framings are risks and response options demonstrating the interrelatedness of climate issues across different SDGs. Local communities do take on scientific information on impacts and adaptation barriers but also connect risks and responses to experiences of tested options, which sometimes only emerge during the process of visual ethnography and are not initially identified. Visual ethnography can be an important source of information not only on stressors experienced and priority actions by local communities, but can also be a climate solutions imagery, that contains positive adaptation stories with opportunities for enriching and complementing scientific inquiry on responses.},

key = {co-production; local communities; climate action; sustainability; visual ethnography},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Phenotype and Genetic Characterisation of four Indigenous Chicken Breeds in Rwanda. Discoveries in Agriculture and Food Sciences},

author = {Hirwa, C.D., Nkurunziza, T., Habimana, R., Kayitesi, A., Semahoro, F., Mutabazi, J., Nyabinwa, P.,

Kugonza, D.R.},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/391831057_Phenotype_and_Genetic_Characterization_of_Four_Indigenous_Chicken_Breeds_in_Rwanda},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.14738/dafs.1303.18582.},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-08},

urldate = {2025-05-08},

journal = {Discoveries in Agriculture and Food Sciences},

volume = {1},

issue = {1},

pages = {23-50},

abstract = {This study aimed to enhance the genetic improvement of indigenous chickens in Rwanda through phenotypic and genetic characterization to identify superior populations and recommend best-bet options for their sustainable use. Phenotypic data and blood samples were collected from indigenous chickens domesticated in the four dominant agro-ecological zones of Rwanda. A factorial experimental design was used to examine management systems, and phenotypic and genetic traits of production. We then assessed phenotypic traits of 1,080 indigenous chickens and took morphometric measurements and whole blood samples of 120 chickens from twelve districts, to cover all the four indigenous chicken types of Rwanda. Those are Inshenzi (Fast growingchicken), Sekaganda/Inganda (Dwalf chicken), Imirangi/Umurangi (Nacked neck chicken) and Indayi (adapted chicken). The findings showed 23 related genes from the morphometric measures (head, wattle and beak length) by using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism markers and 22 nearest genes from blood samples based on the highest genetic potential in terms of indigenous chicken production. Four different genotypes were discriminated by low homozygosity (0.140088 for Imirangi and 0.15327 for Inshenzi) while a low similarity (0.022467) between Imirangi and Inshenzi genetically distanced them from the two others (Inganda and Indayi). Among the four indigenous chicken genotypes in Rwanda, the Imirangi breed (Naked Neck) and the Inshenzi breed (Fast Growing Indigenous Chicken) demonstrated the highest genetic potential concerning key production traits, including egg yield and body weight. In contrast, the Indayi breed (Adapted Indigenous Chicken) and the Inganda breed (Dwarf Indigenous Chicken) exhibited lower genetic potential in these areas. With these findings, the selection of indigenous chickens with high genetic potential for production traits becomes feasible, providing valuable insights that can inform a national breeding program for indigenous chickens in Rwanda and enhance the productivity and sustainability of indigenous chicken populations across the country.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Inheritance of multiple resistance to fungal diseases in tropical maize germplasm.},

author = {Edema R. Chemutai J. A., Tusiime G., Asea G., Gibson P., Kwemoi D. B.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v23i1.2},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-02},

urldate = {2025-05-02},

journal = {Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences},

volume = {23},

issue = {1},

pages = {11 - 26},

abstract = {Maize (Zea mays L.) ear rots caused by Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium graminearum and Stenocarpella maydis affect grain quality and are associated with mycotoxins that pose precarious food and feed safety issues. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of multiple resistance to major fungal pathogens (Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium graminearum and Stenocarpella maydis) in maize in the tropical Africa. A total of 30 tropical inbred lines with varying resistance to A. flavus and both F. graminearum and S. maydis, were mated in a North Carolina II Design and the progeny consisting of single crosses, test crosses and their parents evaluated for single infection and yield performance. Resistance to the three ear rot pathogens and grain yield was found to be inherited independently. Therefore the three fungal infections had low or negligible effect on grain yield, though adversely reduced the grain quality. Multiple resistance to the three ear rot pathogens was majorly additive in nature. Some non-additive gene effects like dominance and epistasis could be contributing to multiple ear rot resistance. Maize hybrid vigour was found to enhance ear rot resistance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Inheritance of multiple resistance to fungal diseases in tropical maize germplasm},

author = {Brenda Boonabaana, Florence Kyoheirwe Muhanguzi, Losira Nasirumbi Sanya, Susan Namirembe Kavuma, Grace Kyomuhendo Bantebya, Pius Okello, Laura Meinzen-Dick and Nargiza Ludgate },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v23i1.2},

issn = {1026-0919},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-02},

urldate = {2025-05-02},

volume = {23},

issue = {1},

pages = {11-26},

abstract = {Maize (Zea mays L.) ear rots caused by Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium graminearum and Stenocarpella maydis affect grain quality and are associated with mycotoxins that pose precarious food and feed safety issues. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of multiple resistance to major fungal pathogens (Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium graminearum and Stenocarpella maydis) in maize in the tropical Africa. A total of 30 tropical inbred lines with varying resistance to A. flavus and both F. graminearum and S. maydis, were mated in a North Carolina II Design and the progeny consisting of single crosses, test crosses and their parents evaluated for single infection and yield performance. Resistance to the three ear rot pathogens and grain yield was found to be inherited independently. Therefore the three fungal infections had low or negligible effect on grain yield, though adversely reduced the grain quality. Multiple resistance to the three ear rot pathogens was majorly additive in nature. Some non-additive gene effects like dominance and epistasis could be contributing to multiple ear rot resistance. Maize hybrid vigour was found to enhance ear rot resistance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Comparing indigenous and scientific (Palin test) soil fertility assessment approaches for better soil health monitoring, management, and farm decision-making in Uganda},

author = {Sarah Elaete, John Ilukor, Rosemary Emegu Isoto, Alex Moruleng and Henry Nakelet Opolot },

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44378-025-00058-z},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-025-00058-z},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-05-01},

urldate = {2025-05-01},

journal = {Discover Soil},

volume = {2},

issue = {29},

abstract = {This paper evaluated the accuracy of indigenous soil fertility assessment approaches commonly used by smallholder farmers in comparison to scientific soil testing to determine better performing indigenous approach for soil fertility assessment. The extent of soil fertility misclassification and its correlates were also assessed from a sample of 461 input subsidy project beneficiaries in Uganda using descriptive statistics, a binary probit model, and a multivariate probit model. Our findings reveal that vegetation cover, weeds, soil colour, and previous yield indicators were associated with 71%, 67%, 66%, and 61% levels of misclassification, respectively. The Probit model results revealed that the plot size and land tenure system had a significant positive association with misclassification. These results suggest that the farmers' likelihood of misclassifying soil fertility using indigenous approaches significantly increased as plot sizes increased. Additionally, farmers who owned land were more likely to misclassify their soil fertility status than those who rented it. This implies that the most reliable soil fertility assessment approach is the objective scientific soil testing for better soil monitoring and health management decisions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Variation in carcass characteristics and meat quality among Ugandan Indigenous and crossbred cattle},

author = {K. Kamatara, D. Mpairwe, D. Mutetikka, D. Asizua, Z. Nampijja, M. Kiggundu, D. Nampanzira, V.

Lutwama, J. Nasaka, S. Nalubwama and J. Madsen},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/391024856_Variation_in_Carcass_Characteristics_and_Meat_Quality_among_Ugandan_Indigenous_and_Crossbred_Cattle},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-04-23},

urldate = {2025-04-23},

journal = {European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences},

volume = {7},

issue = {2},

pages = {26-32},

abstract = {The limited production of tender beef in Uganda is due to reliance on indigenous cattle raised under extensive systems. Crossbreeding with exotic breeds has created diverse genotypes whose beef quality potential is largely unassessed. This study evaluated the carcass and meat quality attributes of five genotypes slaughtered in Uganda: Ankole (A), Boran (B), Ankole × Friesian (A × F), Ankole × Boran (A × B), and a composite breed (Cross of A × B × Bonsmara). Seventy-five steers (9–13 months old) were raised on pasture for 120 days. Postmortem temperature and pH were monitored, and the m. longissimus thoracis muscle samples were analyzed for collagen, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and sensory attributes. A × B and B steers showed heat shortening and higher pH24 and T24 values than other genotypes. Ankole steers had lower carcass grades but longer hind limbs, while Co and B steers exhibited wider hind limbs and higher blockiness indices. Marbling was highest in Co steers and lowest in A steers. A × B and B steers had lower muscle percentage but higher fat cover. Their beef showed greater thawing and cooking losses, higher MFI and WBSF values, and received lower sensory ratings. Postmortem ageing improved tenderness across all genotypes. Adopting ageing practices could enhance Uganda’s ability to deliver consistently tender beef to consumers. These findings demonstrate that postmortem ageing significantly improves tenderness across all genotypes, and adopting this practice could help deliver consistently tender beef to consumers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Coproducing waterenergy- food Nexus actionable knowledge: Lessons from a multi-actor collaborative learning school in Uganda, East Africa},

author = {jenontin, I. N. S., Daher, B., Johnson, J.W., Adule, K., Hishe, B.K., Kekirunga, P., King, V., Mullaney,

E.G., Nimushaba, P., Jacobson, M.G; Huber-Lee, A., Kayendeke, J.E., Konak, A., Morrone, L.V.,

Obonyo, E., Nasirumbi Sanya, L., Olabisi, L.S., Scott, C.A., Jimenez, S.U.},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901125000449},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104028},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-04-17},

urldate = {2025-04-17},

journal = {Environmental Science & Policy},

abstract = {The water-energy-food (WEF) Nexus is an integrative framework for addressing the multi-scalar interdependencies that challenge sustainability solutions across the water, energy, and food systems. However, challenges linked to scale and data availability often make WEF analyses more theoretical, limiting their ability to offer practical, implementable solutions in policy and decision contexts. This paper introduces Collaborative Learning Schools (CLS) as a transdisciplinary process that fosters stakeholder engagement, cross-cultural knowledge exchange, and participatory learning for actionable policy and management solutions from WEF Nexus research, which we tested in Buikwe district in the central region of Uganda, East Africa. Our CLS brings together scientists (professors and students), practitioners, policy makers and implementers, and farmers around a holistic, cross-scale analysis of WEF Nexus issues for innovative and appropriate solutions. The CLS also integrates cross-scale linkages (from community to local government, to national policy context), blended systems and design thinking approaches, and post-evaluations. Our analysis and findings start with an account of the CLS implementation process, while also assessing the utility of integrating the WEF Nexus with systems and design thinking tools. We also present the co-created outputs and evaluative reflections from the non-academic stakeholders. We discuss the CLS value, emphasizing its potential to support participatory co-creations of context-driven multi-scalar WEF-Nexus pathways for problem-solving-oriented knowledge co-production. Through this case study, we contribute promising practices for effective stakeholder engagement and transdisciplinary co-production of actionable knowledge, drawing from tangential but complementary systems thinking and design thinking perspectives. We also provide a real-world illustration of aspirations for true transdisciplinary approaches that include communities and stakeholders in research processes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Role of nutrition-sensitive agriculture in enhancing sustainable humanitarian assistance: Evidence from orange-fleshed sweetpotato interventions in Kenya},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306919225000387},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102834},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-04-16},

urldate = {2025-04-16},

journal = {Food Policy},

volume = {132},

pages = {102834},

abstract = {The increasing frequency of climate-related shocks in arid and semi-arid regions has subjected local populations to cyclical livelihood disruptions and poverty traps. Humanitarian assistance is key to sustainable livelihoods in such regions, but this has largely been in the form of emergency aid. Sustainability concerns and public fiscal burden have necessitated a shift towards resilience building. Such interventions include biofortification, an important nutrition-sensitive agricultural approach that can sustainably improve food and nutrition security among vulnerable populations. However, there is limited evidence of success and lessons for scaling this approach. Using a sample of 636 households drawn from three arid and semi-arid counties in Kenya, this study uses a doubly robust estimator and non-parametric methods to investigate the effect of promoting vitamin-A-biofortified sweet potato as a nutrition-sensitive, climate-smart agricultural intervention to improve nutritional outcomes in humanitarian settings. We find that interventions combining demand-creation strategies and access to biofortified planting material significantly enhance nutrition knowledge and household nutrition indicators such as dietary diversity and food security. Individual interventions that either create demand or provide access to planting material enhance nutrition awareness but do not lead to primary nutrition outcomes such as dietary diversity. Lastly, enhancing access to planting material leads to higher nutritional outcomes compared to demand-creation strategies carried out in isolation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Ambiguity aversion and the adoption of weather index-based insurance: experimental evidence from Uganda},

author = { Lwiza F, Barkley A},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-03-2024-0038},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-04-15},

urldate = {2025-04-15},

journal = {Agricultural Finance Review},

volume = {85},

issue = {3},

pages = {377–396},

abstract = {Purpose

This study aims to estimate farmers’ ambiguity aversion and analyze its impact on the adoption of weather index-based insurance in Uganda.



Design/methodology/approach

The research question we address is: Does the ambiguity of insurance contract outcomes affect farmers’ decisions to adopt weather index-based agricultural insurance (WII)? To explore this, we use incentivized choice experiments to elicit ambiguity preferences and insurance adoption decisions. Our sample includes 291 small-scale coffee farmers from Central and Western Uganda. Given the panel data and the dependence of adoption decisions over time, we employ a dynamic probit model to analyze how ambiguity aversion influences WII uptake. Additionally, we use a pooled binary probit model to test the robustness of our results to different model specifications.



Findings

The results indicate that the adoption of WII decreased with each round of the choice experiment, particularly among ambiguity-averse farmers. We found that 58% of respondents were ambiguity-averse and that ambiguity aversion is negatively associated with WII adoption. Conversely, tertiary education positively influences the likelihood of adopting WII.



Practical implications

The results imply that farmers are not likely to invest in risk management strategies whose outcomes are not predictable with some level of certainty. Also, the negative effect of ambiguity aversion can be reduced as farmers gain more knowledge about the insurance products. Our findings highlight the need to provide sufficient information and education about the use of WII.



Originality/value

This study contributes to the limited literature on the role that behavioral factors play in the adoption of index-based agricultural insurance},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Review of Cowpea Resistance to Flower Bud Thrips: Insights into Genetic, Secondary Metabolites and Environmental Interactions.},

author = {Hellen Wairimu Gitonga, Samuel Kyamanywa, Richard Edema, Rahiel Hagos Abraha, Allan Waniale and Isaac Onziga Dramadri},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/391953489_Review_of_Cowpea_Resistance_to_Flower_Bud_Thrips_Insights_into_Genetic_Secondary_Metabolites_and_Environmental_Interactions},

issn = {2415-2838},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-04-14},

urldate = {2025-04-14},

journal = {African Journal of Rural Development},

volume = {10},

issue = {1},

pages = {55-70},

abstract = {Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an important legume crop in sub-Saharan Africa, valued

for its high protein content and nutritional benefits. However, its production is severely hindered

by biotic stresses, particularly flower bud thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti), which cause significant

yield losses by damaging flower buds and preventing pod formation. Although chemical pesticides

are commonly used to control flower bud thrips, they pose environmental and health concerns,

making alternative strategies critical. Host plant resistance, particularly through the exploitation of

secondary metabolites, offers a promising, eco-friendly solution for managing flower bud thrips.

This review highlights the biology of cowpea and flower bud thrips, examining the mechanisms of

host plant resistance in cowpea, including morphological traits, plant defensive responses, and the

role of secondary metabolites. It also explores the current progress in breeding for flower bud thrips

resistance, emphasizing the need for genetic improvement using both conventional and molecular

approaches, such as quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association studies

(GWAS). Despite some success, the complexity of flower bud thrips resistance, environmental

effects on metabolite production, and the inheritance patterns of secondary metabolites are not fully

explored. The review concludes that further research into the biochemical and genetic basis of

cowpea’s resistance to flower bud thrips is crucial for developing more resistant varieties and

ensuring sustainable cowpea production.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Climate variation effect on Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) yield in Uganda. },

author = {Lwiza, F., Barkley, A. },

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-025-02370-4},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-03-26},

volume = {25},

issue = {2},

pages = {50},

abstract = {Climate variability poses a significant challenge to the improvement of crop productivity. Whereas the effects of climate variability have been widely explored for annual crops, its effect on perennial crops, including coffee, was underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining the effects of temperature and precipitation changes on the yield of Robusta coffee. Utilizing plot-level panel data on coffee production alongside daily measurements of temperature and precipitation, we leverage the spatial and temporal variations in these climatic factors to estimate their effects. The findings from both random effects and fixed effects regression analyses reveal a nonlinear impact of temperature on coffee yield, with temperatures exceeding 28 °C leading to a significant reduction in yield. Optimal temperatures for Robusta coffee are identified between 23 and 27 °C. Additionally, the impact of precipitation on Robusta coffee yield is positive and significant across different model specifications. These results highlight the necessity for integrated climate adaptation strategies, including the development of climate-resilient coffee varieties, effective water management, and temperature mitigation practices such as intercropping with shade trees and plants.},

key = {Climate; Coffee; Productivity; Temperature; Weather; Yield; Biological Sciences; Plant Biology},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Climate variation effect on Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) yield in Uganda},

author = {Lwiza, F., Barkley, A.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10113-025-02370-4},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-025-02370-4},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-03-25},

urldate = {2025-03-25},

journal = {Reg Environ Change},

volume = {25},

issue = {50},

abstract = {Climate variability poses a significant challenge to the improvement of crop productivity. Whereas the effects of climate variability have been widely explored for annual crops, its effect on perennial crops, including coffee, was underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining the effects of temperature and precipitation changes on the yield of Robusta coffee. Utilizing plot-level panel data on coffee production alongside daily measurements of temperature and precipitation, we leverage the spatial and temporal variations in these climatic factors to estimate their effects. The findings from both random effects and fixed effects regression analyses reveal a nonlinear impact of temperature on coffee yield, with temperatures exceeding 28 °C leading to a significant reduction in yield. Optimal temperatures for Robusta coffee are identified between 23 and 27 °C. Additionally, the impact of precipitation on Robusta coffee yield is positive and significant across different model specifications. These results highlight the necessity for integrated climate adaptation strategies, including the development of climate-resilient coffee varieties, effective water management, and temperature mitigation practices such as intercropping with shade trees and plants.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Operationalising the East African bio-economy strategy: An assessment of industrial readiness of Uganda's banana fibre sector},

author = {Kamusingize, D., Ronner, E., Taulya, G., de Vos, R., Namanya, P., Kubiriba, J. and Descheemaeker,

K.},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772801325000089},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2025.100141},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-03-21},

urldate = {2025-03-21},

journal = {Cleaner and Circular Bio-economy},

abstract = {With SDG targets due in 2030, transitioning from a fossil-based to a green economy is urgent. Key to this transition is increased use of agricultural residues, e.g., banana pseudo-stems, as raw material for bio-based industries. However, a knowledge gap exists on the current level of Industrial Readiness (IR) of various bio-based value chains, beyond utilization options for such materials. We conducted a multi-dimensional sustainability assessment of the status of IR of Uganda's banana fibre sector and identified strategic requirements to sustainably upscale production and processing. Systematically, we collected and analysed data obtained through resource mapping, interviews and FGDs to: (i) map biomass flows; (ii) map relations among actors; (iii) assess readiness of farmers to supply raw material; and (iv) describe, from a stakeholders’ perspective, the factors relevant in advancing the industry towards readiness. Results indicate that banana fibre biomass flows followed a complex pathway from pseudo-stem production to marketing and waste disposal, in which fibre processors were the most influential actors. Out of 102 farmers assessed, 40 % were ready (with ability) to sell pseudo-stems. Yet, over 70 % expressed interest to sell on condition of substantial price-increase. To achieve IR, various aspects were at nascent status of readiness but require attention: markets; actor partnerships; public awareness; human, technical and infrastructural capacity; and sustainability issues. Ultimately, sectoral transformation to industrial level is timely. However, it requires joint action to expand markets, targeted investment including policy implementation, and negotiation of trade-offs among actors. Also, enhancing methods developed for future evaluation of similar industries.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate change and the perceived effectiveness of adaptation practices in Kitgum District, northern Uganda. },

author = {Adoch, B., Oriangi, G., Mfitumukiza, D., & Twinomuhangi, R. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2025.2603357},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-03-17},

urldate = {2025-03-17},

journal = {African Geographical Review},

pages = {1-17},

abstract = {This study assessed smallholder farmers ' perceptions of climate change and adaptation practices in Kitgum District, Uganda. A cross-sectional survey design was deployed to examine smallholder farmers' perception and its impacts on climate change, adaptation practices, perceived effectiveness and actual effectiveness using cost benefit analysis of the adaptation practices. Data was collected using mixed methods. including, household survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGDS) and Key Informant Interviews (K II). Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 23), STA TA so ft ware and excel to generate inferential and descriptive statistics like frequencies, percent ages and chi-square tests, to establish relationship between variables and cost benefit analysis. These were presented in tables and graphs. Content analysis was used to generate themes emerging from the qualitative data. Results show that all smallholder farmers perceived climate change through rain fall and temperature. The most perceived climate change impacts were decrease in rain fall amount , shift in rain fall patterns, drought occurrence, increase in temperature and extreme heat stress. Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis show that only primary level of education was a positive predictor and significant (p-0.027) for decrease in rainfall amount. Descriptive statistics shows that most of the smallholder farmers are adapting to the perceived decrease in rainfall amount and increase in temperature. More so, several socio-economic characteristics are influencing adaptation practices with the most significant ones being age, education level, main agricultural activity and major source of income. Mixed farming and intercropping were considered effective adaptation practices. while mulching and irrigation not effective adaptation practices. For the cost benefit analysis (CBA). adaptation practices considered profitable were intercropping. early planting of groundnut and simsim and planting fast maturing maize crops. Those not profitable were mixed fanning, drought tolerant crops, early planting of maize and millet and fast maturing cassava crop. It is recommended that smallholder farmers should consider early planting in their overall adaptation practices since it was considered cost effective. However, this will require technical interventions by extension workers to ensure that adaptation responses are holistic and sustainable.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Land use land cover dynamics and its implications for ecosystem services and livelihoods of Budongo forest adjacent communities.},

author = {Kule, C., Waiswa, D., Obua, J., Twinomuhangi, R., Babweteera, F., & Eryenyu, D. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adb8fd},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-03-11},

urldate = {2025-03-11},

journal = {Environ. Res. Lett. },

volume = {20},

issue = {044007},

abstract = { deeper understanding of land use land cover (LULC) dynamics is essential for the sustainable management of the environment and its natural resources, and importantly how the changes affect the provision of ecosystem services and community livelihoods. This study examined the spatio-temporal LULC dynamics around the Budongo Central Forest from 1995 to 2022 and the implications these changes have on the provision of ecosystem services and the livelihoods of local communities. Data were collected using a hybrid approach involving satellite image classification, post-classification change detection, interviews with 156 respondents and 17 key informants. Survey data were subjected to descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions. The study results reveal a decline in areas covered by wetlands, forests and grasslands due to the expansion of commercial sugarcane plantations, compounded by an increase in the population emanating from migrant workers. While the area under subsistence agriculture had a marginal expansion, local communities perceived that the changes in LULC resulted in a decline in households’ food availability, water availability and soil fertility. The study concludes that changes in LULC are associated with significant losses in natural assets and ecosystems. These loses in natural assets have significant effects on the livelihoods of community members. Therefore, there is a need for instituting a participatory land use planning approach in the affected communities to mitigate the effects of the LULC changes. This will also help in fostering sustainable natural resource management within the affected communities.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Nutritional, functional, and microbial qualities of legume-based flour blends processed by SMEs in Zambia and Malawi compared to standard Corn-Soy Blend Plus (CSB +): a cross-sectional study},

author = {Ndovie, P., Nkhata, S.G., Geresomo, N. Fungo, R., Nyau, V., & Munthali J. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01034-0},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-03-06},

urldate = {2025-03-06},

journal = {BMC Nutr 11, 49 },

volume = {11},

issue = {49},

abstract = {Background

Legumes enhance food security in developing countries, necessitating an understanding of their properties. This study examined the nutritional, functional, and microbial qualities of legume-based flour blends from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malawi and Zambia. SMEs were chosen for their key role in local food production, distribution, and complementary food supply.



Method

A total of 36 legume-based flour blend samples were collected using snowball sampling, consisting of 21 samples (7 sets of 3 similar samples) from SMEs in Zambia and 15 samples (5 sets of 3 similar samples) from SMEs in Malawi. Samples were analyzed for proximate composition, energy, iron, and zinc content. The nutritional contributions to the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for children aged 1–3 years were assessed. Additionally, functional properties such as water-holding and oil-holding capacities were measured. Microbial analysis was performed, and the data were statistically analyzed to determine significance (p ≤ 0.05).



Results

Our findings revealed substantial variability in the nutritional content of these flour blends. Protein content ranged from 9.4% to 41.5%, carbohydrates from 8.1% to 71.3%, crude fat from 2.3% to 26.8%, and crude fiber from 6.2% to 35.2%. Iron and zinc levels also varied significantly, from 2.9 to 21.9 mg/100 g and 2.2 to 5.2 mg/100 g, respectively. These inconsistencies highlight a lack of standardization in nutrient content for blends intended for infant feeding. When prepared as 96 g porridge servings for children aged 1–3 years, the blends provided notable contributions to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). However, their nutrient levels were generally lower compared to the standard Corn-Soy Blend Plus (CSB +). The flour blends also showed variations in physico-functional properties, and some had microbial loads exceeding 250 cfu/g, reflecting inadequate hygiene practices during processing.



Conclusion

To enhance their products, SMEs should ensure that their flour blends meet both nutritional and safety standards while striving to match or surpass the nutrient content of CSB + to remain competitive in the market.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Sustainable tourism},

author = {Rinaldi, Chiara & Ayorekire, Jim & Lundberg, Erik.},

doi = {10.4324/9781032624723-11},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-27},

urldate = {2025-02-27},

journal = {Achieving UN Sustainable Development Goal 8: Economic Growth and Decent Work for All},

pages = {164},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Co-Joint Based Evaluation of Bean-Based Processed Products and Their Attributes With Consumers Data in Malawi. },

author = {Magreta, R.; Kaseka Regina; Katungi, E.M.; Smith Nkata; Munthali, J.; Fungo, R. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/WCRXY4},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-25},

urldate = {2025-02-25},

journal = {Harvard Dataverse},

volume = {1},

abstract = {The data served to evaluate consumer preferences for three processed bean products: bean flour, dehydrated pre-cooked beans, and bean paste. The study addressed several objectives, including identifying preferred product attributes, determining which were most valued, and comparing perceptions of processed versus unprocessed legumes. A key focus was assessing the acceptability of the prototypes after tasting and analyzing how acceptance correlated with consumer demographics and attitudes. The collected data encompassed participant characteristics, purchasing habits, attitudes, and their detailed feedback on the products after direct experience.

Methodology:The research utilized a conjoint analysis framework to ascertain the relative importance of various bean product attributes. Data were collected from 120 participants using three LUANAR-developed prototypes and two structured instruments. Participants evaluated 12 attributes—comprising both intrinsic (e.g., taste, aroma, cooking time) and extrinsic (e.g., price, shelf life, packaging) factors—by providing a rating on a 5-point Likert scale and a ranked list of their top four preferences. To contextualize the quantitative findings, focus group discussions were conducted to gather community-level insights on bean consumption patterns and awareness. A separate checklist standardized the procedure for introducing the prototypes and collecting general feedback. (2025-10)},

key = {food processing, Malawi, consumer satisfaction, Africa, Crops for Nutrition and Health},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Balancing maternal employment and child nutrition and health: a grounded theory study of rural communities in Northeastern Uganda},

author = {Kyanjo JL, Turinawe A, Hörnell A, Lindvall K.},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-025-21978-z},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-25},

urldate = {2025-02-25},

journal = {BMC Public Health},

volume = {25},

issue = {769},

abstract = {Child undernutrition remains a serious public health concern particularly in poor households where limited financial resources hinder proper child nutrition. Improving women’s access to productive resources and employment is crucial for addressing undernutrition. However, maternal employment may reduce the amount of time available for childcare, leading to poor child nutrition and health. This study explored rural community perceptions and experiences regarding maternal employment in relation to aspects of child nutrition and health in northeastern Uganda to inform the design of interventions that can effectively support maternal employment without compromising child nutrition and health.



Methods

Twelve gender-separated focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in northeastern Uganda. Data from the FGDs were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory approach.



Results

Analysis of the FGD data revealed that cultural norms and economic pressure were crucial factors in maternal employment decisions. We constructed a model that represents maternal employment as a delicate balance to maximize the benefits for child nutrition and health while minimizing the negative consequences. The model comprises the core category, mothers’ solitary struggle for better child nutrition and health, and four interrelated categories: (1) mothers conforming to societal expectations, (2) mediating the effect of maternal employment on child nutrition and health, (3) suffering consequences of maternal employment, and (4) mothers striving for better child nutrition and health.



Conclusion

Access to income emerged as the main pathway through which maternal employment leads to better child nutrition and health. However, this benefit often comes at the cost of reduced time for childcare, which is perceived to be detrimental to child nutrition and health. Based on these results, enhancing access to productive resources and employment, particularly for women is crucial for addressing undernutrition. To ensure that maternal employment does not compromise childcare, policies must support the development and access to childcare options that are affordable and appropriate for women in rural areas and in informal employment to effectively balance employment and childcare.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Using a Theory of Change Approach for Inclusive and Resilient Urban Food Systems in Uganda},

author = {Frank Mugagga, Paul. I. Mukwaya, Peter Kasaija, Patricia Nagawa Kiggundu, Ritah Nakanjako, Allen Kiiza, Eunice Muyama, Juma Wepukhulu, Mary Kemigisha, Heather Mackay, Magnus Jirström},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-025-09711-8},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-22},

urldate = {2025-02-22},

journal = {Systemic Practice and Action Research},

volume = {38},

issue = {3},

abstract = {We explore how the Resilient Urban Food Systems (RUFS) project applied a theory of change approach to raise awareness of the importance of smallholder farmers and to bring them into decision making processes, as key players working towards a sustainable and resilient food system in Kasese Municipality and Mbale City in Uganda. Critical inputs from using a theory of change approach included: constant eye on research impact, in line with the desired long-term change; integrating local Municipality staff as part of the project team; mapping stakeholders and their (dis)interest; transparency and flexible engagement; building capacity for cross-stakeholder communication; attitudinal change and skills improvement via peer-to-peer learning, field visits and, institutional engagements. We can, with a high degree of certainty, conclude that, through working with theory of change, our project sparked a positive attitude change among policy makers, recognition and empowerment of smallholders, and efforts to boost smallholder resilience to stress and shocks.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Peace is when we are working”: Insecurity and small business survival in Kampala},

author = {Hoelscher, K., Ainembabazi, T., Mbabazi, J., Mukwaya, I. P., and Rolandsen, O. H. },

doi = {10.1016/j.bushor.2025.02.015},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-01},

urldate = {2025-02-01},

journal = {Business Horizons},

volume = {68},

issue = {4},

pages = {525-539.},

abstract = {Small businesses in the Global South are vital social and economic actors. Yet many operate in a state of precarity, navigating informality, insecurity, and contentious political contexts. Connecting small business, entrepreneurship, and political economy perspectives, this article considers how small businesses negotiate urban insecurity and political violence and the social roles they may play in supporting peace and development in rapidly urbanizing and politically contested cities. Drawing on semistructured interviews with micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), owners, and interviews with key informants in politics, business, and academia, this article examines small business agency, collective action, and experiences of insecurity in two districts in Kampala, Uganda. Our results suggest that both insecurity and peace are often conceptualized in economic and personal terms by MSMEs rather than in relation to the presence and absence of violence. Moreover, while there is some scope for collective action by MSMEs to address these conditions, they are also constrained in their agency by the broader nature of the political economy of the city. We conclude by discussing implications for urban policy and management practice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Combining ability and gene action for resistance to Fusarium ear rot in tropical maize hybrids},

author = {Stella Bigirwa Ayesiga, Patrick Rubaihayo, John Bosco Sempiira, Emmanuel Amponsah Adjei, Isaac Onziga Dramadri, Bonny Michael Oloka and Julius Pyton Sserumaga },

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1509859/full},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1509859.},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-30},

urldate = {2025-01-30},

journal = {Frontiers in Plant Science},

volume = {16},

abstract = {A comprehensive understanding of the genetics of resistance is essential for developing an effective breeding strategy to create germplasm resistant to Fusarium Ear Rot. This study aimed to determine the general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and heritability of resistance to infection by Fusarium verticillioides in tropical maize. Using the North Carolina II mating design, six inbred lines as females and seven as males were crossed to produce 42 hybrids, which were evaluated across five environments using artificial inoculation. At harvest, the hybrids were scored for Fusarium Ear Rot (FER) infection using a 1-9 severity scale. Significant GCA effects for the parents and SCA effects for the hybrids were observed. The narrow-sense heritability estimate was 0.22, while the broad-sense heritability was 0.73, and the additive genetic effects, as represented by GCA (m+f), were more significant than non-additive effects. The inbred parents JPS25-13, JPS26-125, JPS26-86, JPS25-11, JPS25-5, JPS25-7, and JPS25-9 were identified as the best general combiners for FER resistance. These lines, with favorable general combining ability effects for resistance to Fusarium verticillioides, are strong candidates for breeding resistant varieties.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Improving governance arrangements for vegetable value chains in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia and Cotonou, Benin.},

author = {Isoto, R.E.; Turinawe, A.; Nakamatte, I.; Sumelius, J.; Chen, Q.; Prosperi, P.; Sell, M.; Bodjrenou, F.S.U.; Koukou, E.; Bello, F.; Amoussa Hounkpatin, W.; Alemayehu, M.; Desta, G.T.; Assaye, H.; Adgo, E. and Bankole, B.M. },

url = {https://cgspace.cgiar.org/items/7dff2fc7-e81a-4f08-b2de-85257cdf40aa},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.22434/ifamr1148},

issn = {1096-7508},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-28},

urldate = {2025-01-28},

journal = {International Food and Agribusiness Management Review},

abstract = {Improved governance arrangements are central in strengthening value chains with sustainable, resilient farming and healthy nutrition. This study explored governance arrangements important to the vegetable value chains in Food System Labs in Bahir Dar (Ethiopia) and Cotonou (Benin). The study collected data through face-to-face interviews from different actors including input suppliers, producers, processors, wholesalers, retailers and from different supporting institutions such as credit organizations in the vegetable value chains in the two regions. The paper uses descriptive analysis for quantitative data, content analysis for qualitative data, and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis method in the context of the indicator-based assessment framework to examine governance arrangements. Results indicate that multiple but also alternating modes of governance arrangements exist along the vegetables value chain. Spot market relations dominate at the successive stages of the value chain where different actors randomly interact at every transaction. Relational governance in terms of information sharing is notable among producers who attach high relevance to farmer associations as well as traders who largely trust and source information from amongst themselves. The value chains are typical of limited collaboration between actors coupled with weak processing skills. In addition, unconducive storage facilities undermine the potential of upgrading despite changing preferences and growing demand for vegetables. The study recommends development and strengthening of actor organizations such as cooperatives and associations, provision of an enabling environment where vegetable value chains can thrive, and national level efforts to develop post-harvest handling skills and infrastructure, as well as exploitation of last mile digitization initiatives to increase competitiveness of vegetable trade.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Allometric functions for estimating below‑ and above‑ground biomass of Robusta Coffee in Southwestern Uganda},

author = {Nowembabazi, A., Taulya, G., Tumuhairwe, J.B. and Mutegi,},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10457-025-01369-4},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-025-01369-4},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-28},

urldate = {2025-01-28},

volume = {100},

issue = {59},

abstract = {Perennial in nature, coffee is an integral part of climate-smart farming practice that sequesters carbon in both below- (BGB) and above-ground biomass (ABG). The contribution of BGB to carbon sequestration in standing coffee biomass is poorly understood due to methodological challenges. Allometry has been used to estimate BGB for Arabica coffee plants, but applicability of the functions to Robusta coffee in Uganda is uncertain. Robusta coffee plants (n = 60) were randomly selected from contrasting pedoclimatic districts of southwestern Uganda across a time gradient of organic certification. From each plant, girth at base (Gbase, cm), girth at 15 cm above ground (G15, cm) girth at nodal separation (Gt, cm) and plant height (cm) were taken before excavating and collecting all roots > 2 mm. The total fresh weight of each biomass part was measured on a digital scale. A fresh sample of each biomass part was measured before oven drying to constant weight to determine BGB and ABG in kg dry weight (DW) per plant. The data set was randomly split into a calibration sub-dataset (n = 40) and an evaluation sub-dataset (n = 20). The existing and developed functions were evaluated qualitatively using unit plots and quantitatively using the root mean square error (RMSE), %bias and squared correlation coefficient (R2). The best biomass model was BGB = 0.2006Gbase−2.757 (RMSE = 0.0930, R2 = 0.978, %bias = 1.03), and AGB = 0.5799Gbase−4.71 (RMSE = 0.140. R2 = 0.772, %bias = 0.117). These functions are more reliable for estimation of the BGB and AGB of Robusta coffee bushes across pedoclimatic zones and coffee management regimes in Uganda than existing ones.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Effects of finishing regime and duration on carcass and beef quality in different Ugandan cattle genotypes},

author = {K. Kamatara, D. Mpairwe, D. Mutetikka, D. Asizua, Z. Nantongo, M. Kiggundu and J. Madsen },

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11250-026-04884-3},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-27},

urldate = {2025-01-27},

journal = {Tropical Animal Health and Production.},

volume = {58},

issue = {68},

abstract = {This study investigated the effects of finishing regime and duration on carcass and meat quality in 180 steers (9–13 months old) from five genotypes. The steers were randomly assigned in a 5 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with 36 steers per genotype. The five genotypes used were; Ankole (A), Ankole x Boran (A x B), Boran (B), Ankole × Friesian (A × F), and Composite (Co), two finishing regimes; grazing plus supplementation (GZS) and feedlot (FL), with three finishing durations (60, 90, and 120 days). At the end of the finishing duration, the steers were humanely slaughtered at the Uganda Meat Industries abattoir. At 48 hours postmortem, the Longissimus thoracis muscle was excised to assess collagen solubility, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), and tenderness. Carcass and meat quality attributes improved (P < 0.001) with increased finishing duration across all genotypes under both regimes. Meat quality responses to finishing duration varied among the genotypes (P < 0.001). Collagen solubility (P < 0.01), myofibrillar fragmentation and tenderness (P < 0.001) increased up to 90 days of finishing, with no further improvements (P > 0.05) beyond that point for A, A × F, and Co steers under both regimes. In contrast, for B and A × B steers, these attributes continued to improve (P < 0.001) until 90 days of finishing, after which no further significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed in the feedlot regime. Beef from B and A × B steers reached an “acceptable” tenderness level (WBSF value ≤ 55 N) by 90 days of finishing in the feedlot, while A, A × F, and Co steers attained this level at 90 days under both regimes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Economic feasibility and impacts of replacing tobacco with alternative crops in smallholder cropping systems: evidence from Uganda},

author = {Irene Nakamatte, John Ilukor and Jackline Bonabana},

url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03031853.2024.2441129},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2024.2441129},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-26},

urldate = {2025-01-26},

volume = {64},

issue = {1},

pages = {50-71},

abstract = {Tobacco is grown on more than 4 million hectares of global agricultural land in at least 124 countries. As a member state to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) international treaty, Uganda seeks to support economically viable alternative activities as a means to tobacco control because previous efforts with tobacco control that focused on the demand side have failed to control tobacco supply. This study employed the Tradeoff Analysis-Minimum Data (TOA-MD) model to assess tradeoffs and associated economic impacts of switching from tobacco to alternative crops in smallholder cropping systems. Results revealed that switching from tobacco to alternative crops is economically feasible for most of the farms owing to the higher net economic returns. The proportion of farms that expect higher returns from alternative crops is highest for cassava (97%) followed by maize (87%), rice (83%) and the least for beans (74%). Cassava is the best alternative for both small and large farms because of the highest gains in farm net returns, per capita income and poverty reduction. The next feasible crop alternatives for large farms are maize and rice. Despite their economic feasibility, alternative crops are typical of uncertain markets with unorganised structures for production. Since these are important incentives for tobacco farmers, the study recommends development of institutions that foster value chain development for alternative crops. Supporting agro-processors is likely to guarantee markets and provide for lump-sum payments, input credit for production and a reliable extension service system as way of incentivizing a sustainable switch to alternative cropping systems.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Combined Effects of Weather and Health Shocks on Consumption in Rural Uganda},

author = {Emily Injete Amondo, Lukas Kornher, Rosemary Isoto, Alisher Mirzabaev, Bernard Bashaasha, and Joachim von Braun},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388188320_Combined_Effects_of_Weather_and_Health_Shocks_on_Consumption_in_Rural_Uganda},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5820565/v1},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-20},

urldate = {2025-01-20},

abstract = {Background Compound and cascading shocks are common in rural areas and pose significant threats to food security and household welfare. While the importance of these combined shocks for rural communities is gaining attention, there is still very limited empirical research on the topic. This paper aims to assess the combined effects of weather and health shocks on the food, non-food, and total consumption of rural households in Uganda. Our analysis uses customized high-frequency panel household survey data collected across six waves, employing fixed effects quantile regression methods. Results The findings indicate that a short-term increase in temperature leads to a reduction in total consumption by 12–16%, with a more pronounced lagging effect on food consumption, which can be as high as 30%. Similarly, excessive rainfall adversely affects food consumption and diet diversity. The combined effects of health and weather shocks on consumption are negative and significant for lagged interaction terms, exhibiting varied effects across different household categories. Notably, the poorest quartile experiences the most substantial negative effects. Additionally, the findings reveal considerable consumption mobility among rural households over a 12-month period. Even households in the richest quartile may find themselves in the lowest consumption categories at certain times of the year. To manage these fluctuations in consumption, the poorest quartiles tend to rely on group networks and loans, while wealthier quartiles more frequently utilize remittances. Conclusion and policy implications Recognizing Uganda's vulnerability to extreme weather events and epidemics, this paper suggests key policy measures. Enhancing social protection through access to credit, social networks, safety nets, and health insurance can help households cope with climate challenges. These strategies will strengthen food system resilience and promote sustainable development.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Genome-wide association study reveals single nucleotide polymorphisms and candidate genes for resistance of cowpea to aphids},

author = {Kityo R., Ongom P.O., Karungi J., Adjei E.A., Odoi J.B., Badji A. Ozimati A, Dramadri I.O. and Edema

R.},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387965549_GENOME-WIDE_ASSOCIATION_STUDY_REVEALS_SINGLE_NUCLEOTIDE_POLYMORPHISMS_AND_CANDIDATE_GENES_FOR_RESISTANCE_OF_COWPEA_TO_APHIDS},

doi = { https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v32i4.5},

issn = {1021-9730/2024},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-16},

urldate = {2025-01-16},

journal = {African Crop Science Journal},

volume = {32},

issue = {4},

pages = {375 – 391},

abstract = {Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a major crop grown mainly in the arid and semi-arid regions for food and nutritional security. Its production, however, is generally hampered by its susceptibility to sap-sacking aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch). Resistance breeding for cowpea improvement against aphids, has been limited by inadequate understanding of genes responsible for resistance to this cosmopolitan pest. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes, associated with resistance of cowpea to aphids. The study evaluated 209 genotypes of the multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population, together with 5 MAGIC parents, cross three different locations for two seasons in Uganda. Significant genetic variation (P<0.001) for aphid resistance was detected in this germplasm. Results revealed three stable and significant SNPs, including 2_30668, 2_43528 and 2_43747; being associated with resistance to aphids. Eleven candidate genes were detected within the significant loci; including 7 genes on chromosome I (Vu01), 3 on chromosome VII (Vu07) and 1 on chromosome IX (Vu09). These putative genes have functions related to host plant resistance and plant defence responses, possibly against cowpea aphids. The significant SNP markers and genes reported may be deployed in marker-assisted breeding strategy, for faster development of aphid resistant cowpea varieties in Uganda.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Genome-wide association study reveals single nucleotide polymorphisms and candidate genes for resistance of cowpea to aphids},

author = {Kityo R., Ongom P.O., Karungi J., Adjei E.A., Odoi J.B., Badji A. Ozimati A, Dramadri I.O. and Edema R.},

doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v32i4.5 },

issn = {2072-6589},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-13},

urldate = {2025-01-13},

journal = {African Crop Science Journal},

volume = {32},

issue = {4},

pages = {375 – 391},

abstract = {Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a major crop grown mainly in the arid and semi-arid regions for food and nutritional security. Its production, however, is generally hampered by its susceptibility to sap-sacking aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch). Resistance breeding for cowpea improvement against aphids, has been limited by inadequate understanding of genes responsible for resistance to this cosmopolitan pest. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes, associated with resistance of cowpea to aphids. The study evaluated 209 genotypes of the multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population, together with 5 MAGIC parents, cross three different locations for two seasons in Uganda. Significant genetic variation (P<0.001) for aphid resistance was detected in this germplasm. Results revealed three stable and significant SNPs, including 2_30668, 2_43528 and 2_43747; being associated with resistance to aphids. Eleven candidate genes were detected within the significant loci; including 7 genes on chromosome I (Vu01), 3 on chromosome VII (Vu07) and 1 on chromosome IX (Vu09). These putative genes have functions related to host plant resistance and plant defence responses, possibly against cowpea aphids. The significant SNP markers and genes reported may be deployed in marker-assisted breeding strategy, for faster development of aphid resistant cowpea varieties in Uganda.},

key = {Aphis craccivora, genes, SNPs, Uganda, Vigna unguiculata},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Socio-economic and demographic determinants of undernutrition among 6–59 months old children living in Malawian stunting hotspots: a cross-sectional community study. },

author = {Ndovie, P., Nkhata, S.G., Geresomo, N. Fungo, R., Nyau, V., & Munthali J. },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01001-9},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-11},

urldate = {2025-01-11},

journal = {BMC Nutr 11, 14 },

volume = {11},

issue = {14},

abstract = {Background

Malnutrition is a global burden, with 171 million under-five children stunted and 45% of child deaths linked to it. Despite high undernutrition such as stunting in Mchinji, Mangochi, and Mzimba, no study has focused on all three hot spots. This study examined socio-economic and demographic determinants of undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months, offering insights to guide targeted interventions in these areas.



Methods

This cross-sectional study of 1,275 caregiver-child pairs from Mzimba, Mchinji, and Mangochi used multi-stage sampling. Data were analyzed with Stata 17.0, employing descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to explore associations and identify determinants of malnutrition in children aged 6–59 months based on WHO Z-scores.



Results

The study identified socio-demographic factors influencing wasting, underweight, and stunting among children aged 6–59 months. Wasting was linked to occupation, marital status, household size, religious affiliation, and vaccination, with protective factors including farming (AOR = 0.023), business (AOR = 0.001), being single (AOR = 0.034), and full vaccination (AOR = 0.146), while Muslim affiliation increased odds (AOR = 71.284). Underweight was associated with occupation and household type, with higher risks in business (AOR = 9.408) and single-parent households (AOR = 20.929) but protection in smaller households (AOR = 0.596). Stunting was related to unemployment (AOR = 2.339) and full vaccination (AOR = 1.472). Education and income showed no significant association with stunting.



Conclusion

Socio-demographic factors significantly influenced wasting, underweight, and stunting in children, highlighting the need for targeted interventions on livelihoods, vaccination, and household conditions to reduce undernutrition and inform policy and program development.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Genome-wide association mapping of bruchid resistance loci in soybean},

author = {Clever Mukuze ,Ulemu M. Msiska,Afang Badji,Tonny Obua,Sharon V. Kweyu,Selma N. Nghituwamhata,Evalyne C. Rono,Mcebisi Maphosa,Faizo Kasule and Phinehas Tukamuhabwa},

url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0292481},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292481},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-10},

urldate = {2025-01-10},

abstract = {Soybean is a globally important industrial, food, and cash crop. Despite its importance in present and future economies, its production is severely hampered by bruchids (Callosobruchus chinensis), a destructive storage insect pest, causing considerable yield losses. Therefore, the identification of genomic regions and candidate genes associated with bruchid resistance in soybean is crucial as it helps breeders to develop new soybean varieties with improved resistance and quality. In this study, 6 multi-locus methods of the mrMLM model for genome-wide association study were used to dissect the genetic architecture of bruchid resistance on 4traits: percentage adult bruchid emergence (PBE), percentage weight loss (PWL), median development period (MDP), and Dobie susceptibility index (DSI) on 100 diverse soybean genotypes, genotyped with 14,469 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Using the best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs), 13 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were identified by the mrMLM model, of which rs16_14976250 was associated with more than 1 bruchid resistance traits. As a result, the identified QTNs linked with resistance traits can be employed in marker-assisted breeding for the accurate and rapid screening of soybean genotypes for resistance to bruchids. Moreover, a gene search on the Phytozome soybean reference genome identified 27 potential candidate genes located within a window of 478.45 kb upstream and downstream of the most reliable QTNs. These candidate genes exhibit molecular and biological functionalities associated with various soybean resistance mechanisms and, therefore, could be incorporated into the farmers’ preferred soybean varieties that are susceptible to bruchids.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The role of actors in promoting potato crop intensification innovations among smallholder farmers in southwestern Uganda},

author = {Roland Rwambuka Ainebyona, Losira Nasirumbi Sanya, Jacob Godfrey Agea, Gabriel Karubanga and Johnny Mugisha},

url = {https://journalissues.me/index.php/IJAPR/article/view/2},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.15739/IJAPR.26.001},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-02},

urldate = {2025-01-02},

journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research},

volume = {14},

issue = {1},

abstract = {The limited uptake of innovative agricultural practices, despite their high potential to enhance yield and productivity, has directed attention towards more inclusive innovation processes. This study investigates actors’ roles, interactions, and linkages that facilitate uptake of potato crop intensification innovation practices within the Community Action Research Project Plus (CARP+) Project, a RUFORUM project that was launched by Makerere University in Southwestern Uganda. Data were analyzed using Social Network Analysis (SNA), using UCINET software. Results revealed that potato crop intensification innovation process evolved in five key stages, each involving players from various AIS domains interacting with each other. Thus, a network of multi-domain actors demonstrates the importance of versatile engagement in promoting the uptake of innovative agricultural practices. The innovation network had lower scores of network density and Arch reciprocity (about 21 and 47%). Thus, dominance of unidirectional ties, while other players remained in the periphery indicates potential limited integration and feedback, unidirectional flow of information and other resources within network. Similarly, some players remaining in the periphery of the network implies weak network which cripples innovation uptake. The study recommends for strengthening multi-stakeholder partnerships that foster collaboration among diverse actors who perform diverse roles for effective performance of a network.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The Attitude of Smallholder Farmers towards Uptake of Potato Crop Intensification Innovations in Southwestern Uganda},

author = {Roland Rwambuka Ainebyona, Sanya Losira Nasirumbi, Jacob Godfrey Agea, Gabriel Karubanga and Johnny Mugisha},

url = {https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=140783},

doi = {http//www.10.4236/oalib.1112726},

journal = { Open Access Library Journal},

volume = {12},

issue = {2},

pages = {1-15},

abstract = {Despite the potential of potato crop intensification innovations to improve potato yield and productivity, the attitude of most smallholder farmers towards them remains negative, thus low uptake. This study investigates the role of farmers’ attitudes in the uptake of potato crop intensification innovations among smallholder farmers in Southwestern Uganda. The districts of Rubanda, Kabale, and Rukiga were purposively selected because of their active participation in demonstration, research, training and dissemination activities under Community Action Research Programme Plus (CARP+), a RUFORUM project that was implemented by Makerere University between 2018 and 2021 in Southwestern Uganda. Quantitative data was collected from 265 smallholders through a survey and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results revealed that despite a general shift from traditional practices to potato crop intensification innovations, attitude towards some potato crop intensification innovations such as use of fertilizers and improved seed remained lower. Preference for research station as a credible source of potato seed remained lower particularly for Rukiga district while small-size tubers remained the most preferred planting material among farmers. Finally, preference for use of farmyard manure remained lower across all districts, thus paving way for limited potential of potato yield, productivity and environmental vulnerability. The study recommended continuous extension educational programmes to create awareness and clear extension messages on benefits of using innovative practices such as quality declared seed and organic fertilizers. It was also recommended that Kachwekano-ZARDI establishes certification processes and protocols for informal seed players such as farmers, local stores and local markets to ensure seed quality and accessibility.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Using high-frequency data to measure the resilience of households to food insecurity and women’s dietary diversity in Uganda},

author = {Annet Adong, Lukas Kornher, Bezawit Beyene Chichaibelu, Emily Ijete Amondo & Benard Bashaasha },

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12571-025-01619-4},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571- 025-01619-4},

volume = {18},

pages = {377–403},

abstract = {We contribute to the understanding of household resilience to shocks by using high-frequency data collected in short spans of two to three months. We examine three issues: first, whether frequent shocks within the year affect households’ food security in short periods of two to three months. Secondly, whether Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis (RIMA II) can be used to measure the resilience capacity of households to shocks using high-frequency data, and whether the accumulation of shocks erodes this resilience. Thirdly, whether the resilience estimation using RIMA II compares closely with the subjective resilience measure. Our study reveals that (1) shocks specifically drought and theft of agriculture produce within the year affect the food security of the households, (2) RIMA-II metrics can be used to measure the resilience capacity of households with high-frequency data collected in six months duration, (3) the asset pillar is a crucial factor in ensuring the resilience of households within short periods (4) RIMA II and the subjective resilience measure are moderately comparable and each may identify different factors that constitute resilience. The results highlight the need for development and humanitarian agencies to consider supporting asset building and non-farm income-generating activities to moderate the effects of shocks on resilience.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Improving the thermal tolerance of biocontrol spores, Akanthomyces lecanii, by encapsulation},

author = {Paul W Baker, Ephraim Nuwamanya and Adam Charlton },

url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40522710/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnaf062},

journal = {Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS},

abstract = {Akanthomyces lecanii is an entomopathogenic fungus, and spores of this fungus could be incorporated into films generated using cast film extrusion for biocontrol applications. However, the extrusion process involves high temperature processing (150°C) although this only lasts for a few minutes. The elevated temperature destroys spores, thereby eliminating functionality, unless the spores are protected from this heat. Initial experiments revealed that the heat tolerance of free A. lecanii spores to be 60°C. The spores were therefore encapsulated into beads prepared using a combination of Gelrite, cellulose, and Cel-fine at different concentrations. The beads were freeze-dried and then immersed in hot glycerol for 2 min at a selected temperature within the range of 50°C-100°C. The results indicated that some combinations of encapsulating agents resulted in the spores retaining viability (plate counting) after heat treatment at 100°C. Beads stored at room temperature for 1 week showed a reduction in the upper temperature tolerance. This study revealed that the temperature tolerance of A. lecanii spores could be improved by 40°C by encapsulation in freeze-dried beads containing 2% Gelrite (purified gellum gum), 0.4% cellulose, and 0.4% Cel-fine.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Prospect for utilization of modern technologies for small ruminant and pig improvement in African input systems: Case studies. In: E.M. Ibeagha-Awemu},

author = {Jean M. Feugang, Othman E. -M. Othman, Wilson Nandolo, Donald R. Kugonza, and Richard Osei-Amponsah},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92076-9_24},

journal = {African Livestock Genetic Resources and Sustainable Breeding Strategies, Sustainable Development Goals Series, Springer},

pages = {1049-1068},

abstract = {Small ruminants and pig production are crucial elements of the agricultural value chain. Several innovative technologies have been developed globally since the 1980s to improve the animal resources sector’s efficiency, productivity, and profitability. However, the diverse mixed farming systems and their limitations in Africa are very poignant, and the continent has yet to tap into its animal agriculture technology use, including digitization to reach optimal production and satisfy its markets. Modern biotechnologies are used to very limited extent, especially in sheep and goat systems that are dominated by local breeds reared in extensive or semi-intensive production systems. On the other hand, the high prolificacy of pigs and the relatively higher profitability of pig farming create more interest in intensive commercial production systems. Furthermore, the current reliance on pig production, mostly on imported or exotic breeds, motivates the introduction of various innovative technologies to enhance animal welfare and sustainable productivity. There is significant oppotunity for African smallholder farmers to harness available modern technologies to improve reproduction, production, farm management, or environmental monitoring. These technologies have great potential to transform livestock operations to become more profitable and improve livelihood and social conditions of the people. This chapter explores the prospects of utilizing these technologies in African small ruminants and pig farms for sustainable production, including genetic resource conservation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Variation in Egg Quality Traits among Indigenous Chicken Ecotypes of Uganda},

author = {Kiggundu, M., Odaru, Z., Nampijja, Z., Mulindwa, H., Nangonzi, R., Kamatara, K., & Lutwama, V.},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jpsad.3.4.3},

journal = {Journal of Poultry Sciences and Avian Diseases},

volume = {3},

number = {12},

issue = {3},

abstract = {Chicken eggs provide affordable, high-quality animal protein. Understanding egg quality traits is essential since they influence grading, pricing, chick weight and consumer preferences. This study examined egg quality variations among ecotypes from hens selectively bred for egg production and mature body weight. Birds had ad libitum access to a uniform layer diet, and daily egg collections allowed for detailed analyses of external and internal egg traits. Results revealed significant ecotype-based variation in external egg traits, with Apac hens laying the heaviest and longest eggs, while Gulu hens produced the lightest. Lira eggs had the highest shape index (SI), while Gulu’s was lowest. Among eggshell characteristics, Gulu eggs had the thickest shells, while Katakwi eggs had the heaviest shells, shell index, and shell ratio. Internal egg traits, including yolk depth, yolk ratio, and yolk index, differed significantly across ecotypes, with Katakwi eggs having the highest values. Yolk colour was also variable, with Gulu eggs scoring highest and Lira eggs lowest. Significant differences (p<0.01) in albumen traits were observed; Apac and Lira eggs had the highest albumen depth, weight, and Haugh unit (HU) scores, with Katakwi eggs scoring the lowest. Egg weight positively correlated with length, shell and albumen weight, yolk depth, and Haugh unit but negatively with yolk ratio. Overall, these findings highlight ecotype-based quality differences suitable for selective breeding for egg weight to enhance egg quality in Uganda's IC without destructive testing.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Aquaponics: A Sustainable Approach to Integrated Fish and Plant Farming},

author = {Kiggundu, N., Ssemuyaba, H. B., Nakavuma, J., Kayendeke, E., & Kyazze, F. B.},

url = {https://praectice.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Kiggundu-et-al.-2025-Aquaponics-1.pdf},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.14738/tnc.1306.19161},

journal = {Discoveries in Agriculture and Food Sciences},

volume = {13},

issue = {6},

pages = {27–40},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}