2025
1.
M. H. Swahn, Kalulu
Rethinking urbanicity: Conceptualizing neighborhood effects on women’s mental health in Kampala’s urban slums. Journal Article
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 23, iss. 1, pp. 41, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Rethinking urbanicity: Conceptualizing neighborhood effects on women’s mental health in Kampala’s urban slums.},
author = {Swahn, M. H., Kalulu, P., Sseviiri, H., Namuyiga, J., Palmier, J., & Twinomuhangi, R. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23010041},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-12-28},
urldate = {2025-12-28},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
volume = {23},
issue = {1},
pages = {41},
abstract = {rbanicity is a recognized determinant of mental health, yet conventional measures such as population density or the rural–urban divide often fail to capture the complex realities of informal settlements in low- and middle-income countries. This paper conceptualizes neighborhood effects through the lived experiences of young women in Kampala, Uganda, drawing on participatory research from the NIH-funded TOPOWA study. Using community mapping and Photovoice, participants identified neighborhood features that shape wellbeing, including sanitation facilities, drainage systems, alcohol outlets, health centers, schools, boda boda stages (motorcycle taxis), lodges, religious institutions, water sources, markets, and recreational spaces. These methods revealed both stressors—poor waste management, flooding, violence, gendered harassment, crime, and alcohol-related harms—and protective resources, including education, places of worship, health centers, social networks, identity, and sports activities. We argue that urbanicity in slum contexts should be understood as a multidimensional construct encompassing deprivation, fragmentation, exclusion, and resilience. This reconceptualization advances conceptual clarity, strengthens the validity of mental health research in low-resource settings, and informs interventions that simultaneously address structural risks and promote community assets. The case of Kampala demonstrates how participatory evidence can reshape the understanding of neighborhood effects with implications, for global mental health research and practice.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
rbanicity is a recognized determinant of mental health, yet conventional measures such as population density or the rural–urban divide often fail to capture the complex realities of informal settlements in low- and middle-income countries. This paper conceptualizes neighborhood effects through the lived experiences of young women in Kampala, Uganda, drawing on participatory research from the NIH-funded TOPOWA study. Using community mapping and Photovoice, participants identified neighborhood features that shape wellbeing, including sanitation facilities, drainage systems, alcohol outlets, health centers, schools, boda boda stages (motorcycle taxis), lodges, religious institutions, water sources, markets, and recreational spaces. These methods revealed both stressors—poor waste management, flooding, violence, gendered harassment, crime, and alcohol-related harms—and protective resources, including education, places of worship, health centers, social networks, identity, and sports activities. We argue that urbanicity in slum contexts should be understood as a multidimensional construct encompassing deprivation, fragmentation, exclusion, and resilience. This reconceptualization advances conceptual clarity, strengthens the validity of mental health research in low-resource settings, and informs interventions that simultaneously address structural risks and promote community assets. The case of Kampala demonstrates how participatory evidence can reshape the understanding of neighborhood effects with implications, for global mental health research and practice.
2.
Alice Turinawe Kakuru Medard Kit, John Baptist Tumuhairwe
Social value of the welfare benefits and potential demand for improved fecal sludge management in urban settlements in Uganda Journal Article
In: Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development , vol. 15, iss. 12, pp. 1118–1138, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Social value of the welfare benefits and potential demand for improved fecal sludge management in urban settlements in Uganda},
author = {Kakuru Medard Kit, Alice Turinawe, John Baptist Tumuhairwe, Therese Schwarzböck, Lee Richard David, Jeninah Karungi, Johnny Mugisha},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2025.219},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-12-01},
urldate = {2025-12-01},
journal = {Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development },
volume = {15},
issue = {12},
pages = {1118–1138},
abstract = {Poor fecal sludge management, common in communities relying on on-site sanitation, severely threatens the achievement of SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation). With public funding often insufficient, household contributions, driven by the perceived welfare benefits of sanitation, become crucial. This study used a contingent valuation study on 308 households in an urban Ugandan settlement to quantify the social value of improved sanitation's welfare benefits. A random effects probit model was employed to estimate these benefits and simulate the uptake rate under various policy scenarios. The analysis revealed a substantial social value of UGX 2.13 billion (USD 591,888) per month attributable to the welfare benefits of improved sanitation. The projected uptake rate for improved sanitation could be as high as 58.2%. This variation was primarily influenced by the payment interval, the amount levied for sanitation services, and the community's awareness of the impacts of poor FSM. The research recommends two policy actions: (1) Increased government investment in FSM infrastructure, specifically trucks and treatment plants, noting that households are willing to contribute to operational costs. (2) Community awareness campaigns should be initiated to boost the uptake of improved FSM services, which will consequently increase the realized social value of the welfare benefits.},
key = {contingent valuation, fecal sludge management, improved sanitation, social value, welfare benefits},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Poor fecal sludge management, common in communities relying on on-site sanitation, severely threatens the achievement of SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation). With public funding often insufficient, household contributions, driven by the perceived welfare benefits of sanitation, become crucial. This study used a contingent valuation study on 308 households in an urban Ugandan settlement to quantify the social value of improved sanitation's welfare benefits. A random effects probit model was employed to estimate these benefits and simulate the uptake rate under various policy scenarios. The analysis revealed a substantial social value of UGX 2.13 billion (USD 591,888) per month attributable to the welfare benefits of improved sanitation. The projected uptake rate for improved sanitation could be as high as 58.2%. This variation was primarily influenced by the payment interval, the amount levied for sanitation services, and the community's awareness of the impacts of poor FSM. The research recommends two policy actions: (1) Increased government investment in FSM infrastructure, specifically trucks and treatment plants, noting that households are willing to contribute to operational costs. (2) Community awareness campaigns should be initiated to boost the uptake of improved FSM services, which will consequently increase the realized social value of the welfare benefits.
3.
Asiimwe A Fungo R, Nambwayo J; IM., Mukisa
Physico-Chemical, Functional, and Sensory Properties of an Optimized Pro-Vitamin A Maize and Iron-Rich Bean Composite Flour Journal Article
In: Asian Food Science Journal , vol. 24, iss. 11, pp. 62–77, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Physico-Chemical, Functional, and Sensory Properties of an Optimized Pro-Vitamin A Maize and Iron-Rich Bean Composite Flour},
author = {Fungo R, Asiimwe A, Nambwayo J, Willington JS, and Mukisa IM. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.9734/afsj/2025/v24i11828},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-11-07},
urldate = {2025-11-07},
journal = {Asian Food Science Journal },
volume = {24},
issue = {11},
pages = {62–77},
abstract = {Biofortification is a strategy that has been proven to not only reduce the prevalence of micro-nutrient deficiencies, but also to tackle other forms of malnutrition. Apart from increasing the concentration of the target nutrient, biofortification has also been found to improve the concentration of other nutrients in the plant. However, the effectiveness of these crops in alleviating malnutrition largely depends on consumer uptake and acceptability and this can partly be achieved by including flour from biofortified crops as major components of composite flours. This study aimed at assessing the physio-chemical, functional and sensory properties of a composite iron rich bean based complementary flour optimized with pro-vitamin A bio-fortified maize composite flour. The optimized composite flour was made from bio-fortified maize, sesame, soy, sorghum, wheat and beans flours. In comparison to the control, the composite flour blend containing pro-vitamin A-rich maize and iron-rich beans, had a significantly higher (p <0.05) protein level of 11.9% and increased concentrations of vitamin A (1.6 µg/g), iron (6.0 mg/100g), and zinc (2.5 mg/100g) compared to the white maize-based complementary flour. The optimized flour also had lower (p<0.05) anti-nutrient levels with a moisture content (10.3%), fiber (3.1%), carbohydrates (66.3%), ash (2.8%) and a fat content (5.6%). The optimized composite generally showed better functional properties. With an overall sensory acceptability score of 7.1, the optimized composite porridge showed no significant difference from the other composites. Therefore, bio-fortified maize when used as part of the components for composite flour not only increases pro-vitamin A content but also improves its overall nutrient composition and therefore help in tackling other forms of malnutrition.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Biofortification is a strategy that has been proven to not only reduce the prevalence of micro-nutrient deficiencies, but also to tackle other forms of malnutrition. Apart from increasing the concentration of the target nutrient, biofortification has also been found to improve the concentration of other nutrients in the plant. However, the effectiveness of these crops in alleviating malnutrition largely depends on consumer uptake and acceptability and this can partly be achieved by including flour from biofortified crops as major components of composite flours. This study aimed at assessing the physio-chemical, functional and sensory properties of a composite iron rich bean based complementary flour optimized with pro-vitamin A bio-fortified maize composite flour. The optimized composite flour was made from bio-fortified maize, sesame, soy, sorghum, wheat and beans flours. In comparison to the control, the composite flour blend containing pro-vitamin A-rich maize and iron-rich beans, had a significantly higher (p <0.05) protein level of 11.9% and increased concentrations of vitamin A (1.6 µg/g), iron (6.0 mg/100g), and zinc (2.5 mg/100g) compared to the white maize-based complementary flour. The optimized flour also had lower (p<0.05) anti-nutrient levels with a moisture content (10.3%), fiber (3.1%), carbohydrates (66.3%), ash (2.8%) and a fat content (5.6%). The optimized composite generally showed better functional properties. With an overall sensory acceptability score of 7.1, the optimized composite porridge showed no significant difference from the other composites. Therefore, bio-fortified maize when used as part of the components for composite flour not only increases pro-vitamin A content but also improves its overall nutrient composition and therefore help in tackling other forms of malnutrition.
4.
M. H. Swahn, Matovu
In: BMJ Public Health, vol. 3, iss. 2, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Climate change anxiety among young women living in the urban slums of Kampala, Uganda: Findings from the baseline assessment of the TOPOWA cohort study. },
author = {Swahn, M. H., Matovu, G., Natuhamya, C., Murray, K. E., Ndetei, D. M., Palmier, J., Nabulya, A., Wandji, S., & Twinomuhangi, R. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2024-002439},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-10-30},
urldate = {2025-10-30},
journal = {BMJ Public Health},
volume = {3},
issue = {2},
abstract = {Introduction: Climate change is an emerging global health crisis, particularly in low-resource settings like Uganda's urban slums. These areas face significant challenges in mitigating climate risks, exacerbating the vulnerability of residents. This study aims to assess the prevalence of climate change anxiety and its association with generalised anxiety among young women living in urban slums. Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing community-based mental health strategies and resilience-building initiatives to address the psychological impact of climate change.
Methods: This study utilises baseline data from 'The Onward Project On Wellbeing and Adversity' (TOPOWA), a prospective cohort study focused on mental illness and social determinants of health among young women aged 18-24 years living in Kampala's urban slums. A total of 300 women were recruited from three sites: Banda, Bwaise and Makindye. At baseline, interviewer-administered surveys measured climate change anxiety using the 13-item Climate Anxiety Scale and generalised anxiety using a 7-item scale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the associations between climate anxiety, generalised anxiety and demographic factors.
Results: Of the 249 women included in the analysis, 21% reported moderate to severe levels of climate change anxiety, while the remaining 79% experienced mild to minimal levels. Multivariate analysis revealed a strong association between higher levels of generalised anxiety and increased climate change anxiety. Additionally, older age was linked to higher climate anxiety, whereas higher education levels and living in multigenerational households were associated with lower levels of climate anxiety.
Conclusion: One in five young women in Kampala's urban slums experiences moderate to severe climate change anxiety, closely linked to generalised anxiety. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions and community-based resilience programmes. Leveraging family support in multigenerational households may also play a role in reducing climate-related anxiety and fostering adaptive coping mechanisms.},
key = {Adolescent; Community Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Epidemiology; Mental Health},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Introduction: Climate change is an emerging global health crisis, particularly in low-resource settings like Uganda's urban slums. These areas face significant challenges in mitigating climate risks, exacerbating the vulnerability of residents. This study aims to assess the prevalence of climate change anxiety and its association with generalised anxiety among young women living in urban slums. Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing community-based mental health strategies and resilience-building initiatives to address the psychological impact of climate change.
Methods: This study utilises baseline data from 'The Onward Project On Wellbeing and Adversity' (TOPOWA), a prospective cohort study focused on mental illness and social determinants of health among young women aged 18-24 years living in Kampala's urban slums. A total of 300 women were recruited from three sites: Banda, Bwaise and Makindye. At baseline, interviewer-administered surveys measured climate change anxiety using the 13-item Climate Anxiety Scale and generalised anxiety using a 7-item scale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the associations between climate anxiety, generalised anxiety and demographic factors.
Results: Of the 249 women included in the analysis, 21% reported moderate to severe levels of climate change anxiety, while the remaining 79% experienced mild to minimal levels. Multivariate analysis revealed a strong association between higher levels of generalised anxiety and increased climate change anxiety. Additionally, older age was linked to higher climate anxiety, whereas higher education levels and living in multigenerational households were associated with lower levels of climate anxiety.
Conclusion: One in five young women in Kampala's urban slums experiences moderate to severe climate change anxiety, closely linked to generalised anxiety. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions and community-based resilience programmes. Leveraging family support in multigenerational households may also play a role in reducing climate-related anxiety and fostering adaptive coping mechanisms.
Methods: This study utilises baseline data from 'The Onward Project On Wellbeing and Adversity' (TOPOWA), a prospective cohort study focused on mental illness and social determinants of health among young women aged 18-24 years living in Kampala's urban slums. A total of 300 women were recruited from three sites: Banda, Bwaise and Makindye. At baseline, interviewer-administered surveys measured climate change anxiety using the 13-item Climate Anxiety Scale and generalised anxiety using a 7-item scale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the associations between climate anxiety, generalised anxiety and demographic factors.
Results: Of the 249 women included in the analysis, 21% reported moderate to severe levels of climate change anxiety, while the remaining 79% experienced mild to minimal levels. Multivariate analysis revealed a strong association between higher levels of generalised anxiety and increased climate change anxiety. Additionally, older age was linked to higher climate anxiety, whereas higher education levels and living in multigenerational households were associated with lower levels of climate anxiety.
Conclusion: One in five young women in Kampala's urban slums experiences moderate to severe climate change anxiety, closely linked to generalised anxiety. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions and community-based resilience programmes. Leveraging family support in multigenerational households may also play a role in reducing climate-related anxiety and fostering adaptive coping mechanisms.
5.
M. E. Mngulwi, Eilu
In: Integrative Conservation, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 627-640., 2025.
@article{,
title = {Linking Community Capitals and Capacity to Conservation and Development Outcomes: A Multidimensional Analyisis of Tanzania's Wildlife Management Areas},
author = {Mngulwi, M. E., Eilu, G., & Ayorekire, J.},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/397482270_Linking_Community_Capitals_and_Capacity_to_Conservation_and_Development_Outcomes_A_Multidimensional_Analyisis_of_Tanzania%27s_Wildlife_Management_Areas/citations},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70049},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-09-23},
urldate = {2025-09-23},
journal = {Integrative Conservation},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
pages = {627-640.},
abstract = {In recent years, community‐based conservation approaches have gained popularity as essential tools for enhancing biodiversity
conservation while improving community livelihoods. These approaches emphasize the vital role of communities in preserving
and sustainably managing natural resources. However, their contribution to strengthening community capacity for conservation and development remains underexplored. This study applies the Community Capital Framework (CCF) to examine how
Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs), a community‐based conservation initiative in Tanzania, enhance community capacity for
conservation and development. Using a multiple case study design, data were collected randomly from selected respondents in
two WMAs: Ikona (northern Tanzania) and MBOMIPA (southern Tanzania). Qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated through household surveys and key informant interviews, and analyzed using expert‐driven and data‐driven techniques
(Betti & Verma double‐weighting scheme) to generate weights of each community capital. Results indicate that natural and
financial capitals are the most important for enhancing community capacity for conservation and development. No significant
differences were found between the two WMAs in the contribution of community capital overall. However, the development of
financial capital in Ikona WMA has stimulated improvements in physical capital, which in turn have strengthened human
capital and supported the development of political, cultural, and social capital. In contrast, MBOMIPA WMA has invested less
in financial capital, limiting development of physical capital and subsequent progress in human, political, cultural, and social
capitals. The overall Community Capacity Index shows contributions ranging from low (natural and cultural capitals) to
moderate (social, physical, human, political, and financial capitals) across WMAs. These findings suggest that WMAs have
moderately enhanced community capacity for conservation and development. This study recommends that WMAs invest more
evenly across all capitals to significantly strengthen community capacity for conservation and development.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In recent years, community‐based conservation approaches have gained popularity as essential tools for enhancing biodiversity
conservation while improving community livelihoods. These approaches emphasize the vital role of communities in preserving
and sustainably managing natural resources. However, their contribution to strengthening community capacity for conservation and development remains underexplored. This study applies the Community Capital Framework (CCF) to examine how
Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs), a community‐based conservation initiative in Tanzania, enhance community capacity for
conservation and development. Using a multiple case study design, data were collected randomly from selected respondents in
two WMAs: Ikona (northern Tanzania) and MBOMIPA (southern Tanzania). Qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated through household surveys and key informant interviews, and analyzed using expert‐driven and data‐driven techniques
(Betti & Verma double‐weighting scheme) to generate weights of each community capital. Results indicate that natural and
financial capitals are the most important for enhancing community capacity for conservation and development. No significant
differences were found between the two WMAs in the contribution of community capital overall. However, the development of
financial capital in Ikona WMA has stimulated improvements in physical capital, which in turn have strengthened human
capital and supported the development of political, cultural, and social capital. In contrast, MBOMIPA WMA has invested less
in financial capital, limiting development of physical capital and subsequent progress in human, political, cultural, and social
capitals. The overall Community Capacity Index shows contributions ranging from low (natural and cultural capitals) to
moderate (social, physical, human, political, and financial capitals) across WMAs. These findings suggest that WMAs have
moderately enhanced community capacity for conservation and development. This study recommends that WMAs invest more
evenly across all capitals to significantly strengthen community capacity for conservation and development.
conservation while improving community livelihoods. These approaches emphasize the vital role of communities in preserving
and sustainably managing natural resources. However, their contribution to strengthening community capacity for conservation and development remains underexplored. This study applies the Community Capital Framework (CCF) to examine how
Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs), a community‐based conservation initiative in Tanzania, enhance community capacity for
conservation and development. Using a multiple case study design, data were collected randomly from selected respondents in
two WMAs: Ikona (northern Tanzania) and MBOMIPA (southern Tanzania). Qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated through household surveys and key informant interviews, and analyzed using expert‐driven and data‐driven techniques
(Betti & Verma double‐weighting scheme) to generate weights of each community capital. Results indicate that natural and
financial capitals are the most important for enhancing community capacity for conservation and development. No significant
differences were found between the two WMAs in the contribution of community capital overall. However, the development of
financial capital in Ikona WMA has stimulated improvements in physical capital, which in turn have strengthened human
capital and supported the development of political, cultural, and social capital. In contrast, MBOMIPA WMA has invested less
in financial capital, limiting development of physical capital and subsequent progress in human, political, cultural, and social
capitals. The overall Community Capacity Index shows contributions ranging from low (natural and cultural capitals) to
moderate (social, physical, human, political, and financial capitals) across WMAs. These findings suggest that WMAs have
moderately enhanced community capacity for conservation and development. This study recommends that WMAs invest more
evenly across all capitals to significantly strengthen community capacity for conservation and development.
6.
J. Namakula, Aryaija-Karemani
Community resilience to cholera epidemics in Uganda: A realist-informed review of vulnerability and intervention mechanisms Journal Article
In: NIHR Open Research, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Community resilience to cholera epidemics in Uganda: A realist-informed review of vulnerability and intervention mechanisms},
author = {Namakula, J., Aryaija-Karemani, A., Sseviiri, H., Twinomuhangi, R., PARES Consortium, Mayhew, S., & Ssengooba, F. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13983.1.},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-09-15},
urldate = {2025-09-15},
journal = {NIHR Open Research},
abstract = {Background
Uganda experiences recurring cholera epidemics. Current interventions prioritize strengthening health systems, neglecting community resilience. This paper explored pathways to enhancing community resilience against cholera.
Methods
We utilized a realist-informed review approach, employing the conceptual framework of Pawson and Tilley (1997) for data extraction, synthesis, and presentation and Blanchet et al. 2017’s theoretical framework to interpret Mechanisms and Outcome patterns necessary for community resilience. Data sources included peer-reviewed and other literature about Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and government interventions.
Findings
Current literature on cholera focuses heavily on aspects like community vulnerability, outbreak surveillance, and response strategies and less on broader concepts of community resilience. Kinship resilience literature helped fill the gaps around valuable perspectives on how communities navigate and bounce back from cholera outbreaks. Contextual vulnerability factors include weak detection systems, limited community health worker capacity, and sub-optimal Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene(WASH) practices and inadequate WASH infrastructure within refugee, fishing, and slum communities. Upstream water sources contamination impacts the spread of cholera to downstream areas, while cross-border movement of infected individuals worsens its transmission and spread. Preventive resilience mechanisms involve health system interventions focused on capacity building, WASH programs, community engagement and WASH infrastructures establishment crucially bolster community resilience. Community knowledge acquired through training or experiential learnings in managing cholera, alongside social cohesion reduce vulnerability. While most mechanisms focus on building absorptive resilience capacities, it is not clear how these mechanisms lead to intermediate health outcomes and broader resilience capabilities like adaptation and transformation.
Conclusions
Realist evaluations provide deeper understanding of how interventions guide effective cholera prevention strategies, leading to resilience. However, further research about community-led actions and external interventions that effectively build resilience is needed. Integrated approaches combining health system strengthening with community-based interventions need to be prioritized, while enhancing social capital, and supporting adaptive and transformative mechanisms for resilience.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Uganda experiences recurring cholera epidemics. Current interventions prioritize strengthening health systems, neglecting community resilience. This paper explored pathways to enhancing community resilience against cholera.
Methods
We utilized a realist-informed review approach, employing the conceptual framework of Pawson and Tilley (1997) for data extraction, synthesis, and presentation and Blanchet et al. 2017’s theoretical framework to interpret Mechanisms and Outcome patterns necessary for community resilience. Data sources included peer-reviewed and other literature about Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and government interventions.
Findings
Current literature on cholera focuses heavily on aspects like community vulnerability, outbreak surveillance, and response strategies and less on broader concepts of community resilience. Kinship resilience literature helped fill the gaps around valuable perspectives on how communities navigate and bounce back from cholera outbreaks. Contextual vulnerability factors include weak detection systems, limited community health worker capacity, and sub-optimal Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene(WASH) practices and inadequate WASH infrastructure within refugee, fishing, and slum communities. Upstream water sources contamination impacts the spread of cholera to downstream areas, while cross-border movement of infected individuals worsens its transmission and spread. Preventive resilience mechanisms involve health system interventions focused on capacity building, WASH programs, community engagement and WASH infrastructures establishment crucially bolster community resilience. Community knowledge acquired through training or experiential learnings in managing cholera, alongside social cohesion reduce vulnerability. While most mechanisms focus on building absorptive resilience capacities, it is not clear how these mechanisms lead to intermediate health outcomes and broader resilience capabilities like adaptation and transformation.
Conclusions
Realist evaluations provide deeper understanding of how interventions guide effective cholera prevention strategies, leading to resilience. However, further research about community-led actions and external interventions that effectively build resilience is needed. Integrated approaches combining health system strengthening with community-based interventions need to be prioritized, while enhancing social capital, and supporting adaptive and transformative mechanisms for resilience.
Uganda experiences recurring cholera epidemics. Current interventions prioritize strengthening health systems, neglecting community resilience. This paper explored pathways to enhancing community resilience against cholera.
Methods
We utilized a realist-informed review approach, employing the conceptual framework of Pawson and Tilley (1997) for data extraction, synthesis, and presentation and Blanchet et al. 2017’s theoretical framework to interpret Mechanisms and Outcome patterns necessary for community resilience. Data sources included peer-reviewed and other literature about Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and government interventions.
Findings
Current literature on cholera focuses heavily on aspects like community vulnerability, outbreak surveillance, and response strategies and less on broader concepts of community resilience. Kinship resilience literature helped fill the gaps around valuable perspectives on how communities navigate and bounce back from cholera outbreaks. Contextual vulnerability factors include weak detection systems, limited community health worker capacity, and sub-optimal Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene(WASH) practices and inadequate WASH infrastructure within refugee, fishing, and slum communities. Upstream water sources contamination impacts the spread of cholera to downstream areas, while cross-border movement of infected individuals worsens its transmission and spread. Preventive resilience mechanisms involve health system interventions focused on capacity building, WASH programs, community engagement and WASH infrastructures establishment crucially bolster community resilience. Community knowledge acquired through training or experiential learnings in managing cholera, alongside social cohesion reduce vulnerability. While most mechanisms focus on building absorptive resilience capacities, it is not clear how these mechanisms lead to intermediate health outcomes and broader resilience capabilities like adaptation and transformation.
Conclusions
Realist evaluations provide deeper understanding of how interventions guide effective cholera prevention strategies, leading to resilience. However, further research about community-led actions and external interventions that effectively build resilience is needed. Integrated approaches combining health system strengthening with community-based interventions need to be prioritized, while enhancing social capital, and supporting adaptive and transformative mechanisms for resilience.
7.
W. Kabiswa, Kungu
In: Discover Public Health, vol. 22, iss. 1, no. 485, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {The role of sanitation behavior as a driver for antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli among lakeshore residents around Lake Victoria, Uganda.},
author = {Kabiswa, W., Kungu, J. M., Kalule, J. B., Ayorekire, J., Nakalembe, I., & Majalija, S. },
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12982-025-00874-2},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00874-2},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-08-20},
urldate = {2025-08-20},
journal = {Discover Public Health},
volume = {22},
number = {485},
issue = {1},
abstract = {Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Uganda, where poor sanitation, irrational antibiotic use, and environmental contamination exacerbate its spread. Escherichia coli (E. coli), a common gut bacterium and indicator of fecal contamination, has increasingly been implicated in harboring resistance genes. Communities living along Lake Victoria face heightened risk due to inadequate sanitation, open defecation, improper waste disposal, and informal antibiotic access. Despite these known vulnerabilities, limited research has explored how sanitation behavior influences AMR in lakeshore populations. This study examined the role of sanitation behavior in shaping patterns of AMR in E. coli isolated from stool samples of residents around Lake Victoria.
},
key = {Antimicrobial resistance Escherichia coli Lake Victoria Sanitation Waste disposal},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Uganda, where poor sanitation, irrational antibiotic use, and environmental contamination exacerbate its spread. Escherichia coli (E. coli), a common gut bacterium and indicator of fecal contamination, has increasingly been implicated in harboring resistance genes. Communities living along Lake Victoria face heightened risk due to inadequate sanitation, open defecation, improper waste disposal, and informal antibiotic access. Despite these known vulnerabilities, limited research has explored how sanitation behavior influences AMR in lakeshore populations. This study examined the role of sanitation behavior in shaping patterns of AMR in E. coli isolated from stool samples of residents around Lake Victoria.
8.
C. Mulinde, Twinomuhangi
Climate Patterns and Extremes in Uganda’s Arabica and Robusta Coffee Regions. Journal Article
In: African Geographical Review, 2025, ISSN: 1937-6812.
@article{nokey,
title = {Climate Patterns and Extremes in Uganda’s Arabica and Robusta Coffee Regions.},
author = {Mulinde, C., Twinomuhangi, R., Majaliwa, J. G. M., Waiswa, D., Mfitumukiza, D., Tumwine, F., … Asiimwe, J.},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2025.2542810},
issn = { 1937-6812},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-08-07},
urldate = {2025-08-07},
journal = {African Geographical Review},
abstract = {Future climate change and variability will unlikely offer better opportunities for increased agricultural production, especially for many African countries. For proper projections of climate into the future, there is a need to establish past climate patterns and variations in extremes. However, limited studies have ascertained spatial and temporal climate patterns due to a lack of high-resolution and continuous climate data at more local altitudinal scales. This study characterized rainfall and temperature trends and climate extremes (drought and extreme rainfall) in Arabica and Robusta coffee growing regions of Uganda; using a hybrid of daily and remotely sensed observational climate data, Rainfall-Anomaly Index, and farm-households' perceptions of climate extremes across various altitudes. Results showed that moderate drought and extreme rainfall generally had cyclic patterns and commonly occurred during March-to-May and September-to-November, respectively. Extreme rainfall was received in mid-to-high altitude Arabica and Robusta regions while drought occurred in Robusta and low-altitude Arabica regions. Farm households also reported drought, extreme rainfall, floods, landslides and hailstorms as major climate extremes. This study, therefore, recommends the implementation of operational adaptation policies and practices as well as early warning systems for efficient climate risk management across different altitudes in Arabica and Robusta coffee growing regions of Uganda.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Future climate change and variability will unlikely offer better opportunities for increased agricultural production, especially for many African countries. For proper projections of climate into the future, there is a need to establish past climate patterns and variations in extremes. However, limited studies have ascertained spatial and temporal climate patterns due to a lack of high-resolution and continuous climate data at more local altitudinal scales. This study characterized rainfall and temperature trends and climate extremes (drought and extreme rainfall) in Arabica and Robusta coffee growing regions of Uganda; using a hybrid of daily and remotely sensed observational climate data, Rainfall-Anomaly Index, and farm-households' perceptions of climate extremes across various altitudes. Results showed that moderate drought and extreme rainfall generally had cyclic patterns and commonly occurred during March-to-May and September-to-November, respectively. Extreme rainfall was received in mid-to-high altitude Arabica and Robusta regions while drought occurred in Robusta and low-altitude Arabica regions. Farm households also reported drought, extreme rainfall, floods, landslides and hailstorms as major climate extremes. This study, therefore, recommends the implementation of operational adaptation policies and practices as well as early warning systems for efficient climate risk management across different altitudes in Arabica and Robusta coffee growing regions of Uganda.
9.
Tweheyo M. Mwesigye A R., Kaye E.
Soil and water contamination from oil exploration activities in the Albertine Graben study sites; Western Uganda. Journal Article
In: Environmental Earth Sciences, Springer, vol. 84, iss. 443, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Soil and water contamination from oil exploration activities in the Albertine Graben study sites; Western Uganda.},
author = {Mwesigye A R., Tweheyo M., Kaye E. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-025-12451-6},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-07-26},
urldate = {2025-07-26},
journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences, Springer},
volume = {84},
issue = {443},
abstract = {Large-scale oil deposits were announced in Ugandan in 2006, and subsequently proven by the drilling of numerous successful test wells. This study was conducted in Bulisa and Kikuube districts in 2020 to assess the environmental effects of oil exploration in the Albertine Graben. Interviews were conducted with households around exploration and waste management sites. Soil and water samples were collected around oil and gas exploration and waste consolidation sites following standard protocols and analysed for presence of trace elements and salts using Induced Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Social surveys revealed that oil and gas exploration displaced residential and agricultural landscapes, fishing grounds but also generated wastes that contaminated public water sources and agricultural soils. Laboratory analysis of soils revealed significantly higher concentration of salts such as Na, Mg, K and Ca as well as trace elements especially Fe, Ni, Cu, As and Pb around Kingfisher exploration sites and Bugungu waste consolidation area compared to controls (P < 0.01). However soil samples collected around Ngiri and Kigogole 1 exploration sites revealed no evidence of contamination. Water samples collected around Kingfisher exploration site contained significantly higher concentrations of S, Al, Co and Ni than controls (P < 0.05) but also generally higher concentrations of Fe and Mn. It would therefore appear that both area geology as well as oil and gas exploration activities contributed significantly to concentrations of salts such as Na, Mg, K and Ca and trace metals especially Fe, Al and Mn in water and soils in the Albertine Graben.},
key = {Petroleum exploration Wastes Trace metals Soil Water Contamination},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Large-scale oil deposits were announced in Ugandan in 2006, and subsequently proven by the drilling of numerous successful test wells. This study was conducted in Bulisa and Kikuube districts in 2020 to assess the environmental effects of oil exploration in the Albertine Graben. Interviews were conducted with households around exploration and waste management sites. Soil and water samples were collected around oil and gas exploration and waste consolidation sites following standard protocols and analysed for presence of trace elements and salts using Induced Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Social surveys revealed that oil and gas exploration displaced residential and agricultural landscapes, fishing grounds but also generated wastes that contaminated public water sources and agricultural soils. Laboratory analysis of soils revealed significantly higher concentration of salts such as Na, Mg, K and Ca as well as trace elements especially Fe, Ni, Cu, As and Pb around Kingfisher exploration sites and Bugungu waste consolidation area compared to controls (P < 0.01). However soil samples collected around Ngiri and Kigogole 1 exploration sites revealed no evidence of contamination. Water samples collected around Kingfisher exploration site contained significantly higher concentrations of S, Al, Co and Ni than controls (P < 0.05) but also generally higher concentrations of Fe and Mn. It would therefore appear that both area geology as well as oil and gas exploration activities contributed significantly to concentrations of salts such as Na, Mg, K and Ca and trace metals especially Fe, Al and Mn in water and soils in the Albertine Graben.
10.
WN. Nakyagaba, Talwana
In: vol. 8, pp. 449–464., 2025, ISSN: 2707-4307.
@inbook{nokey,
title = {Smallholder Farmers’ Management Practices and Perceived Constraints to Robusta Coffee Production in Mid-Altitude Zones of Central Uganda},
author = {Nakyagaba, WN., Talwana, H., Kyamanywa, S., Kagezi, G. H., Bamutaze, Y., Mfitumukiza, D., Twinomuhangi, R., Mukasa, D., Mulinde, C., & Fungo, B. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.8.2.4063},
issn = {2707-4307},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-07-23},
urldate = {2025-07-23},
journal = {East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology},
volume = {8},
issue = {2},
pages = {449–464.},
abstract = {Despite its importance, Robusta coffee production in the mid-altitude zone of central Uganda is threatened by climate variability, especially erratic rainfall, which reduces coffee yield and increases the yield gap. Upscaling climate-smart management practices can narrow the yield gap. The study aimed to identify climate-smart management practices conducted by farmers in adapting Robusta coffee to climate variability and closing the yield gap, and to identify the major perceived constraints to Robusta coffee production under varying rainfall thresholds. Primary data from a cross-sectional survey on farmers’ management practices and perceived constraints, collected from 150 randomly sampled coffee farm households, were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in Stata and R software. Results indicate more households are conducting mechanical weed control (100%), de-suckering (98%), pruning (74%), and shade management (51%). Though less than half of households conduct manuring (48%), herbicide (44%), fertiliser use (22%), water for irrigation (19%), pesticide use (13%), and soil erosion control measures (24%). A significant number (p=0.0011) of households still use indigenous local planting types, primarily in areas with low rainfall. Nevertheless, more households were using climate-smart practices at moderate than at high and low rainfall thresholds. The main perceived constraints across thresholds included drought and erratic rains, lack of access, and expensive inputs, pests, and diseases. Consequently, the study recommends policy interventions on expediting the provision of quality planting materials, greater access to modern and affordable forms of irrigation, judicious use of fertilisers, manure, pesticides, and developing guidelines for identification and control of Robusta coffee pests and diseases, and increased education to scale out climate-smart practices. These would sustainably increase Robusta coffee productivity, narrow the yield gap, and aid Uganda in achieving its target of 1.2 million tons and US$1.5B year-1 by 2030},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
Despite its importance, Robusta coffee production in the mid-altitude zone of central Uganda is threatened by climate variability, especially erratic rainfall, which reduces coffee yield and increases the yield gap. Upscaling climate-smart management practices can narrow the yield gap. The study aimed to identify climate-smart management practices conducted by farmers in adapting Robusta coffee to climate variability and closing the yield gap, and to identify the major perceived constraints to Robusta coffee production under varying rainfall thresholds. Primary data from a cross-sectional survey on farmers’ management practices and perceived constraints, collected from 150 randomly sampled coffee farm households, were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in Stata and R software. Results indicate more households are conducting mechanical weed control (100%), de-suckering (98%), pruning (74%), and shade management (51%). Though less than half of households conduct manuring (48%), herbicide (44%), fertiliser use (22%), water for irrigation (19%), pesticide use (13%), and soil erosion control measures (24%). A significant number (p=0.0011) of households still use indigenous local planting types, primarily in areas with low rainfall. Nevertheless, more households were using climate-smart practices at moderate than at high and low rainfall thresholds. The main perceived constraints across thresholds included drought and erratic rains, lack of access, and expensive inputs, pests, and diseases. Consequently, the study recommends policy interventions on expediting the provision of quality planting materials, greater access to modern and affordable forms of irrigation, judicious use of fertilisers, manure, pesticides, and developing guidelines for identification and control of Robusta coffee pests and diseases, and increased education to scale out climate-smart practices. These would sustainably increase Robusta coffee productivity, narrow the yield gap, and aid Uganda in achieving its target of 1.2 million tons and US$1.5B year-1 by 2030
11.
Komakech AJ. Nalunga A., Karungi J.; T., Schwarzböck
Black soldier fly larvae composting as a bioremediation approach for heavy metals and pathogens in fecal sludge cake Journal Article
In: Discover Environment, vol. 3, iss. 97, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Black soldier fly larvae composting as a bioremediation approach for heavy metals and pathogens in fecal sludge cake},
author = {Nalunga A., Komakech AJ., Karungi J., Kabenge I. and Schwarzböck T. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00291-x},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-07-21},
urldate = {2025-07-21},
journal = {Discover Environment},
volume = {3},
issue = {97},
abstract = {Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) composting is increasingly explored as a sustainable strategy to treat organic waste. This study assessed the potential of BSFL to reduce heavy metals and pathogens in fecal sludge cake (FSC) co-composted with fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) or cattle manure (CM). Seven treatments; T1 (100% FSC), T2 (75% FSC:25% CM), T3 (65% FSC:35% CM), T4 (55% FSC:45% CM), T5 (75% FSC:25% FVW), T6 (65% FSC:35% FVW), and T7 (55% FSC:45% FVW),were evaluated for reductions and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Fe, Cr, Zn) as well as Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Pb reduction ranged from 33.0% (T5) to 60.9% (T4), with the lowest bioaccumulation (4.4 mg/kg) in T4. Cu decreased by up to 43.1% (T7), while Zn showed the highest decrease (48.2%) in T6. Cr reduction peaked in T7 (32.4%), and Fe in T2 (28.7%). T5 achieved the highest E. coli reduction (99.8%), while T4 exhibited the highest S. aureus decrease (94.9%). Treatments with co-substrates (FVW or CM) consistently outperformed FSC alone, underlining their role in enhancing BSFL composting efficacy. These findings demonstrate the potential of BSFL composting to mitigate environmental and health risks associated with FSC use, offering a scalable solution for organic waste management in low-resource settings.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) composting is increasingly explored as a sustainable strategy to treat organic waste. This study assessed the potential of BSFL to reduce heavy metals and pathogens in fecal sludge cake (FSC) co-composted with fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) or cattle manure (CM). Seven treatments; T1 (100% FSC), T2 (75% FSC:25% CM), T3 (65% FSC:35% CM), T4 (55% FSC:45% CM), T5 (75% FSC:25% FVW), T6 (65% FSC:35% FVW), and T7 (55% FSC:45% FVW),were evaluated for reductions and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Fe, Cr, Zn) as well as Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Pb reduction ranged from 33.0% (T5) to 60.9% (T4), with the lowest bioaccumulation (4.4 mg/kg) in T4. Cu decreased by up to 43.1% (T7), while Zn showed the highest decrease (48.2%) in T6. Cr reduction peaked in T7 (32.4%), and Fe in T2 (28.7%). T5 achieved the highest E. coli reduction (99.8%), while T4 exhibited the highest S. aureus decrease (94.9%). Treatments with co-substrates (FVW or CM) consistently outperformed FSC alone, underlining their role in enhancing BSFL composting efficacy. These findings demonstrate the potential of BSFL composting to mitigate environmental and health risks associated with FSC use, offering a scalable solution for organic waste management in low-resource settings.
12.
E. Lötze, Mwije; Hoffman, E. W.
In: CABI Agriculture and Bioscience , vol. 6, iss. 1, no. 0042 , 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Investigating a mode-of-action for the reduction of sunburn browning incidence in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple with foliar applications of a combination of boron and calcium. },
author = {Lötze, E., Mwije, A., and Hoffman, E.W. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1079/ab.2025.0042},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-07-02},
journal = {CABI Agriculture and Bioscience },
volume = {6},
number = {0042 },
issue = {1},
abstract = {Foliar applications of boron plus calcium (B+Ca) reduce fruit sunburn browning (SBB) incidence in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples. The unknown mode-of-action is suggested to involve ‘additive metabolite action’ (AMA) arising from augmenting several peel biochemicals. In this article, the relationship of peel metabolites and SBB incidence after B+Ca treatments was studied using a multivariate data analysis technique, to affirm the AMA postulate. Five different B+Ca treatments including a control (no B+Ca) were applied to ‘Golden Delicious’ trees in the Western Cape, South Africa. Thereafter, two data sets consisting of seasonal dynamics of peel metabolites and SBB incidence outcomes were subjected to a canonical correlation analysis (CCorA). The CCorA was performed using XLSTAT version 2010.4.01 in three separate cases: (i) a full experiment, (ii) two B+Ca treatments with the least SBB reduction, and (iii) two treatments with the best SBB reduction. In line with established knowledge of peel metabolite changes associated with SBB development, it was hypothesised that case (i) would result in a significant correlation between the data sets, whereas cases (ii) and (iii) would result in strong and weak relationships, respectively. The results for (i) were a significant overall model explaining 56% of variance shared between data sets with function 1 as λ = 0.441, F (36, 421.5) = 2.861, p < 0.0001, function 2 as λ = 0.706, F (24, 328.3) = 1.747, p = 0.018. In case (ii), a significant overall model explained 81% of the variance shared between data sets with function 1 as λ = 0.189, F (36, 140.4) = 2.184, p < 0.001), function 2 as λ = 0.382, F (24, 110.8) = 1.818, p = 0.020. And in case (iii), the model was non-significant. These results corroborate the AMA postulate, motivating further investigations into the probable cellular and biological pathways underpinning this AMA phenomenon. Eventually, this would enable the refinement, extension, and adoption of this low-cost nascent B+Ca approach to mitigate SBB disorders in several other fruit or vegetable crops.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Foliar applications of boron plus calcium (B+Ca) reduce fruit sunburn browning (SBB) incidence in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples. The unknown mode-of-action is suggested to involve ‘additive metabolite action’ (AMA) arising from augmenting several peel biochemicals. In this article, the relationship of peel metabolites and SBB incidence after B+Ca treatments was studied using a multivariate data analysis technique, to affirm the AMA postulate. Five different B+Ca treatments including a control (no B+Ca) were applied to ‘Golden Delicious’ trees in the Western Cape, South Africa. Thereafter, two data sets consisting of seasonal dynamics of peel metabolites and SBB incidence outcomes were subjected to a canonical correlation analysis (CCorA). The CCorA was performed using XLSTAT version 2010.4.01 in three separate cases: (i) a full experiment, (ii) two B+Ca treatments with the least SBB reduction, and (iii) two treatments with the best SBB reduction. In line with established knowledge of peel metabolite changes associated with SBB development, it was hypothesised that case (i) would result in a significant correlation between the data sets, whereas cases (ii) and (iii) would result in strong and weak relationships, respectively. The results for (i) were a significant overall model explaining 56% of variance shared between data sets with function 1 as λ = 0.441, F (36, 421.5) = 2.861, p < 0.0001, function 2 as λ = 0.706, F (24, 328.3) = 1.747, p = 0.018. In case (ii), a significant overall model explained 81% of the variance shared between data sets with function 1 as λ = 0.189, F (36, 140.4) = 2.184, p < 0.001), function 2 as λ = 0.382, F (24, 110.8) = 1.818, p = 0.020. And in case (iii), the model was non-significant. These results corroborate the AMA postulate, motivating further investigations into the probable cellular and biological pathways underpinning this AMA phenomenon. Eventually, this would enable the refinement, extension, and adoption of this low-cost nascent B+Ca approach to mitigate SBB disorders in several other fruit or vegetable crops.
13.
Tusiime G. Edema R. Chemutai J. A., Asea G.
Inheritance of multiple resistance to fungal diseases in tropical maize germplasm. Journal Article
In: Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 23, iss. 1, pp. 11 - 26, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Inheritance of multiple resistance to fungal diseases in tropical maize germplasm.},
author = {Edema R. Chemutai J. A., Tusiime G., Asea G., Gibson P., Kwemoi D. B.},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.4314/ujas.v23i1.2},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-05-02},
urldate = {2025-05-02},
journal = {Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences},
volume = {23},
issue = {1},
pages = {11 - 26},
abstract = {Maize (Zea mays L.) ear rots caused by Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium graminearum and Stenocarpella maydis affect grain quality and are associated with mycotoxins that pose precarious food and feed safety issues. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of multiple resistance to major fungal pathogens (Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium graminearum and Stenocarpella maydis) in maize in the tropical Africa. A total of 30 tropical inbred lines with varying resistance to A. flavus and both F. graminearum and S. maydis, were mated in a North Carolina II Design and the progeny consisting of single crosses, test crosses and their parents evaluated for single infection and yield performance. Resistance to the three ear rot pathogens and grain yield was found to be inherited independently. Therefore the three fungal infections had low or negligible effect on grain yield, though adversely reduced the grain quality. Multiple resistance to the three ear rot pathogens was majorly additive in nature. Some non-additive gene effects like dominance and epistasis could be contributing to multiple ear rot resistance. Maize hybrid vigour was found to enhance ear rot resistance.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maize (Zea mays L.) ear rots caused by Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium graminearum and Stenocarpella maydis affect grain quality and are associated with mycotoxins that pose precarious food and feed safety issues. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of multiple resistance to major fungal pathogens (Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium graminearum and Stenocarpella maydis) in maize in the tropical Africa. A total of 30 tropical inbred lines with varying resistance to A. flavus and both F. graminearum and S. maydis, were mated in a North Carolina II Design and the progeny consisting of single crosses, test crosses and their parents evaluated for single infection and yield performance. Resistance to the three ear rot pathogens and grain yield was found to be inherited independently. Therefore the three fungal infections had low or negligible effect on grain yield, though adversely reduced the grain quality. Multiple resistance to the three ear rot pathogens was majorly additive in nature. Some non-additive gene effects like dominance and epistasis could be contributing to multiple ear rot resistance. Maize hybrid vigour was found to enhance ear rot resistance.
14.
Lwiza F, Barkley A
Ambiguity aversion and the adoption of weather index-based insurance: experimental evidence from Uganda Journal Article
In: Agricultural Finance Review, vol. 85, iss. 3, pp. 377–396, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Ambiguity aversion and the adoption of weather index-based insurance: experimental evidence from Uganda},
author = { Lwiza F, Barkley A},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-03-2024-0038},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-04-15},
urldate = {2025-04-15},
journal = {Agricultural Finance Review},
volume = {85},
issue = {3},
pages = {377–396},
abstract = {Purpose
This study aims to estimate farmers’ ambiguity aversion and analyze its impact on the adoption of weather index-based insurance in Uganda.
Design/methodology/approach
The research question we address is: Does the ambiguity of insurance contract outcomes affect farmers’ decisions to adopt weather index-based agricultural insurance (WII)? To explore this, we use incentivized choice experiments to elicit ambiguity preferences and insurance adoption decisions. Our sample includes 291 small-scale coffee farmers from Central and Western Uganda. Given the panel data and the dependence of adoption decisions over time, we employ a dynamic probit model to analyze how ambiguity aversion influences WII uptake. Additionally, we use a pooled binary probit model to test the robustness of our results to different model specifications.
Findings
The results indicate that the adoption of WII decreased with each round of the choice experiment, particularly among ambiguity-averse farmers. We found that 58% of respondents were ambiguity-averse and that ambiguity aversion is negatively associated with WII adoption. Conversely, tertiary education positively influences the likelihood of adopting WII.
Practical implications
The results imply that farmers are not likely to invest in risk management strategies whose outcomes are not predictable with some level of certainty. Also, the negative effect of ambiguity aversion can be reduced as farmers gain more knowledge about the insurance products. Our findings highlight the need to provide sufficient information and education about the use of WII.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the limited literature on the role that behavioral factors play in the adoption of index-based agricultural insurance},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Purpose
This study aims to estimate farmers’ ambiguity aversion and analyze its impact on the adoption of weather index-based insurance in Uganda.
Design/methodology/approach
The research question we address is: Does the ambiguity of insurance contract outcomes affect farmers’ decisions to adopt weather index-based agricultural insurance (WII)? To explore this, we use incentivized choice experiments to elicit ambiguity preferences and insurance adoption decisions. Our sample includes 291 small-scale coffee farmers from Central and Western Uganda. Given the panel data and the dependence of adoption decisions over time, we employ a dynamic probit model to analyze how ambiguity aversion influences WII uptake. Additionally, we use a pooled binary probit model to test the robustness of our results to different model specifications.
Findings
The results indicate that the adoption of WII decreased with each round of the choice experiment, particularly among ambiguity-averse farmers. We found that 58% of respondents were ambiguity-averse and that ambiguity aversion is negatively associated with WII adoption. Conversely, tertiary education positively influences the likelihood of adopting WII.
Practical implications
The results imply that farmers are not likely to invest in risk management strategies whose outcomes are not predictable with some level of certainty. Also, the negative effect of ambiguity aversion can be reduced as farmers gain more knowledge about the insurance products. Our findings highlight the need to provide sufficient information and education about the use of WII.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the limited literature on the role that behavioral factors play in the adoption of index-based agricultural insurance
This study aims to estimate farmers’ ambiguity aversion and analyze its impact on the adoption of weather index-based insurance in Uganda.
Design/methodology/approach
The research question we address is: Does the ambiguity of insurance contract outcomes affect farmers’ decisions to adopt weather index-based agricultural insurance (WII)? To explore this, we use incentivized choice experiments to elicit ambiguity preferences and insurance adoption decisions. Our sample includes 291 small-scale coffee farmers from Central and Western Uganda. Given the panel data and the dependence of adoption decisions over time, we employ a dynamic probit model to analyze how ambiguity aversion influences WII uptake. Additionally, we use a pooled binary probit model to test the robustness of our results to different model specifications.
Findings
The results indicate that the adoption of WII decreased with each round of the choice experiment, particularly among ambiguity-averse farmers. We found that 58% of respondents were ambiguity-averse and that ambiguity aversion is negatively associated with WII adoption. Conversely, tertiary education positively influences the likelihood of adopting WII.
Practical implications
The results imply that farmers are not likely to invest in risk management strategies whose outcomes are not predictable with some level of certainty. Also, the negative effect of ambiguity aversion can be reduced as farmers gain more knowledge about the insurance products. Our findings highlight the need to provide sufficient information and education about the use of WII.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the limited literature on the role that behavioral factors play in the adoption of index-based agricultural insurance
15.
F. Lwiza, Barkley
Climate variation effect on Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) yield in Uganda. Journal Article
In: vol. 25, iss. 2, pp. 50, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Climate variation effect on Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) yield in Uganda. },
author = {Lwiza, F., Barkley, A. },
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-025-02370-4},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03-26},
volume = {25},
issue = {2},
pages = {50},
abstract = {Climate variability poses a significant challenge to the improvement of crop productivity. Whereas the effects of climate variability have been widely explored for annual crops, its effect on perennial crops, including coffee, was underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining the effects of temperature and precipitation changes on the yield of Robusta coffee. Utilizing plot-level panel data on coffee production alongside daily measurements of temperature and precipitation, we leverage the spatial and temporal variations in these climatic factors to estimate their effects. The findings from both random effects and fixed effects regression analyses reveal a nonlinear impact of temperature on coffee yield, with temperatures exceeding 28 °C leading to a significant reduction in yield. Optimal temperatures for Robusta coffee are identified between 23 and 27 °C. Additionally, the impact of precipitation on Robusta coffee yield is positive and significant across different model specifications. These results highlight the necessity for integrated climate adaptation strategies, including the development of climate-resilient coffee varieties, effective water management, and temperature mitigation practices such as intercropping with shade trees and plants.},
key = {Climate; Coffee; Productivity; Temperature; Weather; Yield; Biological Sciences; Plant Biology},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Climate variability poses a significant challenge to the improvement of crop productivity. Whereas the effects of climate variability have been widely explored for annual crops, its effect on perennial crops, including coffee, was underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining the effects of temperature and precipitation changes on the yield of Robusta coffee. Utilizing plot-level panel data on coffee production alongside daily measurements of temperature and precipitation, we leverage the spatial and temporal variations in these climatic factors to estimate their effects. The findings from both random effects and fixed effects regression analyses reveal a nonlinear impact of temperature on coffee yield, with temperatures exceeding 28 °C leading to a significant reduction in yield. Optimal temperatures for Robusta coffee are identified between 23 and 27 °C. Additionally, the impact of precipitation on Robusta coffee yield is positive and significant across different model specifications. These results highlight the necessity for integrated climate adaptation strategies, including the development of climate-resilient coffee varieties, effective water management, and temperature mitigation practices such as intercropping with shade trees and plants.
16.
B. Adoch, Oriangi
Smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate change and the perceived effectiveness of adaptation practices in Kitgum District, northern Uganda. Journal Article
In: African Geographical Review, pp. 1-17, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate change and the perceived effectiveness of adaptation practices in Kitgum District, northern Uganda. },
author = {Adoch, B., Oriangi, G., Mfitumukiza, D., & Twinomuhangi, R. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2025.2603357},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03-17},
urldate = {2025-03-17},
journal = {African Geographical Review},
pages = {1-17},
abstract = {This study assessed smallholder farmers ' perceptions of climate change and adaptation practices in Kitgum District, Uganda. A cross-sectional survey design was deployed to examine smallholder farmers' perception and its impacts on climate change, adaptation practices, perceived effectiveness and actual effectiveness using cost benefit analysis of the adaptation practices. Data was collected using mixed methods. including, household survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGDS) and Key Informant Interviews (K II). Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 23), STA TA so ft ware and excel to generate inferential and descriptive statistics like frequencies, percent ages and chi-square tests, to establish relationship between variables and cost benefit analysis. These were presented in tables and graphs. Content analysis was used to generate themes emerging from the qualitative data. Results show that all smallholder farmers perceived climate change through rain fall and temperature. The most perceived climate change impacts were decrease in rain fall amount , shift in rain fall patterns, drought occurrence, increase in temperature and extreme heat stress. Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis show that only primary level of education was a positive predictor and significant (p-0.027) for decrease in rainfall amount. Descriptive statistics shows that most of the smallholder farmers are adapting to the perceived decrease in rainfall amount and increase in temperature. More so, several socio-economic characteristics are influencing adaptation practices with the most significant ones being age, education level, main agricultural activity and major source of income. Mixed farming and intercropping were considered effective adaptation practices. while mulching and irrigation not effective adaptation practices. For the cost benefit analysis (CBA). adaptation practices considered profitable were intercropping. early planting of groundnut and simsim and planting fast maturing maize crops. Those not profitable were mixed fanning, drought tolerant crops, early planting of maize and millet and fast maturing cassava crop. It is recommended that smallholder farmers should consider early planting in their overall adaptation practices since it was considered cost effective. However, this will require technical interventions by extension workers to ensure that adaptation responses are holistic and sustainable.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study assessed smallholder farmers ' perceptions of climate change and adaptation practices in Kitgum District, Uganda. A cross-sectional survey design was deployed to examine smallholder farmers' perception and its impacts on climate change, adaptation practices, perceived effectiveness and actual effectiveness using cost benefit analysis of the adaptation practices. Data was collected using mixed methods. including, household survey, Focus Group Discussions (FGDS) and Key Informant Interviews (K II). Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 23), STA TA so ft ware and excel to generate inferential and descriptive statistics like frequencies, percent ages and chi-square tests, to establish relationship between variables and cost benefit analysis. These were presented in tables and graphs. Content analysis was used to generate themes emerging from the qualitative data. Results show that all smallholder farmers perceived climate change through rain fall and temperature. The most perceived climate change impacts were decrease in rain fall amount , shift in rain fall patterns, drought occurrence, increase in temperature and extreme heat stress. Results from multinomial logistic regression analysis show that only primary level of education was a positive predictor and significant (p-0.027) for decrease in rainfall amount. Descriptive statistics shows that most of the smallholder farmers are adapting to the perceived decrease in rainfall amount and increase in temperature. More so, several socio-economic characteristics are influencing adaptation practices with the most significant ones being age, education level, main agricultural activity and major source of income. Mixed farming and intercropping were considered effective adaptation practices. while mulching and irrigation not effective adaptation practices. For the cost benefit analysis (CBA). adaptation practices considered profitable were intercropping. early planting of groundnut and simsim and planting fast maturing maize crops. Those not profitable were mixed fanning, drought tolerant crops, early planting of maize and millet and fast maturing cassava crop. It is recommended that smallholder farmers should consider early planting in their overall adaptation practices since it was considered cost effective. However, this will require technical interventions by extension workers to ensure that adaptation responses are holistic and sustainable.
17.
C. Kule, Waiswa
Land use land cover dynamics and its implications for ecosystem services and livelihoods of Budongo forest adjacent communities. Journal Article
In: Environ. Res. Lett. , vol. 20, iss. 044007, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Land use land cover dynamics and its implications for ecosystem services and livelihoods of Budongo forest adjacent communities.},
author = {Kule, C., Waiswa, D., Obua, J., Twinomuhangi, R., Babweteera, F., & Eryenyu, D. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adb8fd},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03-11},
urldate = {2025-03-11},
journal = {Environ. Res. Lett. },
volume = {20},
issue = {044007},
abstract = { deeper understanding of land use land cover (LULC) dynamics is essential for the sustainable management of the environment and its natural resources, and importantly how the changes affect the provision of ecosystem services and community livelihoods. This study examined the spatio-temporal LULC dynamics around the Budongo Central Forest from 1995 to 2022 and the implications these changes have on the provision of ecosystem services and the livelihoods of local communities. Data were collected using a hybrid approach involving satellite image classification, post-classification change detection, interviews with 156 respondents and 17 key informants. Survey data were subjected to descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions. The study results reveal a decline in areas covered by wetlands, forests and grasslands due to the expansion of commercial sugarcane plantations, compounded by an increase in the population emanating from migrant workers. While the area under subsistence agriculture had a marginal expansion, local communities perceived that the changes in LULC resulted in a decline in households’ food availability, water availability and soil fertility. The study concludes that changes in LULC are associated with significant losses in natural assets and ecosystems. These loses in natural assets have significant effects on the livelihoods of community members. Therefore, there is a need for instituting a participatory land use planning approach in the affected communities to mitigate the effects of the LULC changes. This will also help in fostering sustainable natural resource management within the affected communities.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
deeper understanding of land use land cover (LULC) dynamics is essential for the sustainable management of the environment and its natural resources, and importantly how the changes affect the provision of ecosystem services and community livelihoods. This study examined the spatio-temporal LULC dynamics around the Budongo Central Forest from 1995 to 2022 and the implications these changes have on the provision of ecosystem services and the livelihoods of local communities. Data were collected using a hybrid approach involving satellite image classification, post-classification change detection, interviews with 156 respondents and 17 key informants. Survey data were subjected to descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions. The study results reveal a decline in areas covered by wetlands, forests and grasslands due to the expansion of commercial sugarcane plantations, compounded by an increase in the population emanating from migrant workers. While the area under subsistence agriculture had a marginal expansion, local communities perceived that the changes in LULC resulted in a decline in households’ food availability, water availability and soil fertility. The study concludes that changes in LULC are associated with significant losses in natural assets and ecosystems. These loses in natural assets have significant effects on the livelihoods of community members. Therefore, there is a need for instituting a participatory land use planning approach in the affected communities to mitigate the effects of the LULC changes. This will also help in fostering sustainable natural resource management within the affected communities.
18.
P. Ndovie, Nkhata
2025.
@bachelorthesis{nokey,
title = {Nutritional, functional, and microbial qualities of legume-based flour blends processed by SMEs in Zambia and Malawi compared to standard Corn-Soy Blend Plus (CSB +): a cross-sectional study},
author = {Ndovie, P., Nkhata, S.G., Geresomo, N. Fungo, R., Nyau, V., & Munthali J. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01034-0},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-03-06},
urldate = {2025-03-06},
journal = {BMC Nutr 11, 49 },
volume = {11},
issue = {49},
abstract = {Background
Legumes enhance food security in developing countries, necessitating an understanding of their properties. This study examined the nutritional, functional, and microbial qualities of legume-based flour blends from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malawi and Zambia. SMEs were chosen for their key role in local food production, distribution, and complementary food supply.
Method
A total of 36 legume-based flour blend samples were collected using snowball sampling, consisting of 21 samples (7 sets of 3 similar samples) from SMEs in Zambia and 15 samples (5 sets of 3 similar samples) from SMEs in Malawi. Samples were analyzed for proximate composition, energy, iron, and zinc content. The nutritional contributions to the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for children aged 1–3 years were assessed. Additionally, functional properties such as water-holding and oil-holding capacities were measured. Microbial analysis was performed, and the data were statistically analyzed to determine significance (p ≤ 0.05).
Results
Our findings revealed substantial variability in the nutritional content of these flour blends. Protein content ranged from 9.4% to 41.5%, carbohydrates from 8.1% to 71.3%, crude fat from 2.3% to 26.8%, and crude fiber from 6.2% to 35.2%. Iron and zinc levels also varied significantly, from 2.9 to 21.9 mg/100 g and 2.2 to 5.2 mg/100 g, respectively. These inconsistencies highlight a lack of standardization in nutrient content for blends intended for infant feeding. When prepared as 96 g porridge servings for children aged 1–3 years, the blends provided notable contributions to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). However, their nutrient levels were generally lower compared to the standard Corn-Soy Blend Plus (CSB +). The flour blends also showed variations in physico-functional properties, and some had microbial loads exceeding 250 cfu/g, reflecting inadequate hygiene practices during processing.
Conclusion
To enhance their products, SMEs should ensure that their flour blends meet both nutritional and safety standards while striving to match or surpass the nutrient content of CSB + to remain competitive in the market.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {bachelorthesis}
}
Background
Legumes enhance food security in developing countries, necessitating an understanding of their properties. This study examined the nutritional, functional, and microbial qualities of legume-based flour blends from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malawi and Zambia. SMEs were chosen for their key role in local food production, distribution, and complementary food supply.
Method
A total of 36 legume-based flour blend samples were collected using snowball sampling, consisting of 21 samples (7 sets of 3 similar samples) from SMEs in Zambia and 15 samples (5 sets of 3 similar samples) from SMEs in Malawi. Samples were analyzed for proximate composition, energy, iron, and zinc content. The nutritional contributions to the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for children aged 1–3 years were assessed. Additionally, functional properties such as water-holding and oil-holding capacities were measured. Microbial analysis was performed, and the data were statistically analyzed to determine significance (p ≤ 0.05).
Results
Our findings revealed substantial variability in the nutritional content of these flour blends. Protein content ranged from 9.4% to 41.5%, carbohydrates from 8.1% to 71.3%, crude fat from 2.3% to 26.8%, and crude fiber from 6.2% to 35.2%. Iron and zinc levels also varied significantly, from 2.9 to 21.9 mg/100 g and 2.2 to 5.2 mg/100 g, respectively. These inconsistencies highlight a lack of standardization in nutrient content for blends intended for infant feeding. When prepared as 96 g porridge servings for children aged 1–3 years, the blends provided notable contributions to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). However, their nutrient levels were generally lower compared to the standard Corn-Soy Blend Plus (CSB +). The flour blends also showed variations in physico-functional properties, and some had microbial loads exceeding 250 cfu/g, reflecting inadequate hygiene practices during processing.
Conclusion
To enhance their products, SMEs should ensure that their flour blends meet both nutritional and safety standards while striving to match or surpass the nutrient content of CSB + to remain competitive in the market.
Legumes enhance food security in developing countries, necessitating an understanding of their properties. This study examined the nutritional, functional, and microbial qualities of legume-based flour blends from Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malawi and Zambia. SMEs were chosen for their key role in local food production, distribution, and complementary food supply.
Method
A total of 36 legume-based flour blend samples were collected using snowball sampling, consisting of 21 samples (7 sets of 3 similar samples) from SMEs in Zambia and 15 samples (5 sets of 3 similar samples) from SMEs in Malawi. Samples were analyzed for proximate composition, energy, iron, and zinc content. The nutritional contributions to the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for children aged 1–3 years were assessed. Additionally, functional properties such as water-holding and oil-holding capacities were measured. Microbial analysis was performed, and the data were statistically analyzed to determine significance (p ≤ 0.05).
Results
Our findings revealed substantial variability in the nutritional content of these flour blends. Protein content ranged from 9.4% to 41.5%, carbohydrates from 8.1% to 71.3%, crude fat from 2.3% to 26.8%, and crude fiber from 6.2% to 35.2%. Iron and zinc levels also varied significantly, from 2.9 to 21.9 mg/100 g and 2.2 to 5.2 mg/100 g, respectively. These inconsistencies highlight a lack of standardization in nutrient content for blends intended for infant feeding. When prepared as 96 g porridge servings for children aged 1–3 years, the blends provided notable contributions to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). However, their nutrient levels were generally lower compared to the standard Corn-Soy Blend Plus (CSB +). The flour blends also showed variations in physico-functional properties, and some had microbial loads exceeding 250 cfu/g, reflecting inadequate hygiene practices during processing.
Conclusion
To enhance their products, SMEs should ensure that their flour blends meet both nutritional and safety standards while striving to match or surpass the nutrient content of CSB + to remain competitive in the market.
19.
Chiara & Ayorekire Rinaldi, Jim & Lundberg
Sustainable tourism Journal Article
In: Achieving UN Sustainable Development Goal 8: Economic Growth and Decent Work for All, pp. 164, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Sustainable tourism},
author = {Rinaldi, Chiara & Ayorekire, Jim & Lundberg, Erik.},
doi = {10.4324/9781032624723-11},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-02-27},
urldate = {2025-02-27},
journal = {Achieving UN Sustainable Development Goal 8: Economic Growth and Decent Work for All},
pages = {164},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
20.
R.; Kaseka Regina; Katungi Magreta, E. M. ; Smith Nkata; Munthali
Co-Joint Based Evaluation of Bean-Based Processed Products and Their Attributes With Consumers Data in Malawi. Journal Article
In: Harvard Dataverse, vol. 1, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Co-Joint Based Evaluation of Bean-Based Processed Products and Their Attributes With Consumers Data in Malawi. },
author = {Magreta, R.; Kaseka Regina; Katungi, E.M.; Smith Nkata; Munthali, J.; Fungo, R. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/WCRXY4},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-02-25},
urldate = {2025-02-25},
journal = {Harvard Dataverse},
volume = {1},
abstract = {The data served to evaluate consumer preferences for three processed bean products: bean flour, dehydrated pre-cooked beans, and bean paste. The study addressed several objectives, including identifying preferred product attributes, determining which were most valued, and comparing perceptions of processed versus unprocessed legumes. A key focus was assessing the acceptability of the prototypes after tasting and analyzing how acceptance correlated with consumer demographics and attitudes. The collected data encompassed participant characteristics, purchasing habits, attitudes, and their detailed feedback on the products after direct experience.
Methodology:The research utilized a conjoint analysis framework to ascertain the relative importance of various bean product attributes. Data were collected from 120 participants using three LUANAR-developed prototypes and two structured instruments. Participants evaluated 12 attributes—comprising both intrinsic (e.g., taste, aroma, cooking time) and extrinsic (e.g., price, shelf life, packaging) factors—by providing a rating on a 5-point Likert scale and a ranked list of their top four preferences. To contextualize the quantitative findings, focus group discussions were conducted to gather community-level insights on bean consumption patterns and awareness. A separate checklist standardized the procedure for introducing the prototypes and collecting general feedback. (2025-10)},
key = {food processing, Malawi, consumer satisfaction, Africa, Crops for Nutrition and Health},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The data served to evaluate consumer preferences for three processed bean products: bean flour, dehydrated pre-cooked beans, and bean paste. The study addressed several objectives, including identifying preferred product attributes, determining which were most valued, and comparing perceptions of processed versus unprocessed legumes. A key focus was assessing the acceptability of the prototypes after tasting and analyzing how acceptance correlated with consumer demographics and attitudes. The collected data encompassed participant characteristics, purchasing habits, attitudes, and their detailed feedback on the products after direct experience.
Methodology:The research utilized a conjoint analysis framework to ascertain the relative importance of various bean product attributes. Data were collected from 120 participants using three LUANAR-developed prototypes and two structured instruments. Participants evaluated 12 attributes—comprising both intrinsic (e.g., taste, aroma, cooking time) and extrinsic (e.g., price, shelf life, packaging) factors—by providing a rating on a 5-point Likert scale and a ranked list of their top four preferences. To contextualize the quantitative findings, focus group discussions were conducted to gather community-level insights on bean consumption patterns and awareness. A separate checklist standardized the procedure for introducing the prototypes and collecting general feedback. (2025-10)
Methodology:The research utilized a conjoint analysis framework to ascertain the relative importance of various bean product attributes. Data were collected from 120 participants using three LUANAR-developed prototypes and two structured instruments. Participants evaluated 12 attributes—comprising both intrinsic (e.g., taste, aroma, cooking time) and extrinsic (e.g., price, shelf life, packaging) factors—by providing a rating on a 5-point Likert scale and a ranked list of their top four preferences. To contextualize the quantitative findings, focus group discussions were conducted to gather community-level insights on bean consumption patterns and awareness. A separate checklist standardized the procedure for introducing the prototypes and collecting general feedback. (2025-10)
21.
Ongom P.O. Kityo R., Karungi J.; R., Edema
Genome-wide association study reveals single nucleotide polymorphisms and candidate genes for resistance of cowpea to aphids Journal Article
In: African Crop Science Journal, vol. 32, iss. 4, pp. 375 – 391, 2025, ISSN: 2072-6589.
@article{nokey,
title = {Genome-wide association study reveals single nucleotide polymorphisms and candidate genes for resistance of cowpea to aphids},
author = {Kityo R., Ongom P.O., Karungi J., Adjei E.A., Odoi J.B., Badji A. Ozimati A, Dramadri I.O. and Edema R.},
doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v32i4.5 },
issn = {2072-6589},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-13},
urldate = {2025-01-13},
journal = {African Crop Science Journal},
volume = {32},
issue = {4},
pages = {375 – 391},
abstract = {Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a major crop grown mainly in the arid and semi-arid regions for food and nutritional security. Its production, however, is generally hampered by its susceptibility to sap-sacking aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch). Resistance breeding for cowpea improvement against aphids, has been limited by inadequate understanding of genes responsible for resistance to this cosmopolitan pest. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes, associated with resistance of cowpea to aphids. The study evaluated 209 genotypes of the multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population, together with 5 MAGIC parents, cross three different locations for two seasons in Uganda. Significant genetic variation (P<0.001) for aphid resistance was detected in this germplasm. Results revealed three stable and significant SNPs, including 2_30668, 2_43528 and 2_43747; being associated with resistance to aphids. Eleven candidate genes were detected within the significant loci; including 7 genes on chromosome I (Vu01), 3 on chromosome VII (Vu07) and 1 on chromosome IX (Vu09). These putative genes have functions related to host plant resistance and plant defence responses, possibly against cowpea aphids. The significant SNP markers and genes reported may be deployed in marker-assisted breeding strategy, for faster development of aphid resistant cowpea varieties in Uganda.},
key = {Aphis craccivora, genes, SNPs, Uganda, Vigna unguiculata},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a major crop grown mainly in the arid and semi-arid regions for food and nutritional security. Its production, however, is generally hampered by its susceptibility to sap-sacking aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch). Resistance breeding for cowpea improvement against aphids, has been limited by inadequate understanding of genes responsible for resistance to this cosmopolitan pest. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes, associated with resistance of cowpea to aphids. The study evaluated 209 genotypes of the multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population, together with 5 MAGIC parents, cross three different locations for two seasons in Uganda. Significant genetic variation (P<0.001) for aphid resistance was detected in this germplasm. Results revealed three stable and significant SNPs, including 2_30668, 2_43528 and 2_43747; being associated with resistance to aphids. Eleven candidate genes were detected within the significant loci; including 7 genes on chromosome I (Vu01), 3 on chromosome VII (Vu07) and 1 on chromosome IX (Vu09). These putative genes have functions related to host plant resistance and plant defence responses, possibly against cowpea aphids. The significant SNP markers and genes reported may be deployed in marker-assisted breeding strategy, for faster development of aphid resistant cowpea varieties in Uganda.
22.
P. Ndovie, Nkhata
In: BMC Nutr 11, 14 , vol. 11, iss. 14, 2025.
@article{nokey,
title = {Socio-economic and demographic determinants of undernutrition among 6–59 months old children living in Malawian stunting hotspots: a cross-sectional community study. },
author = {Ndovie, P., Nkhata, S.G., Geresomo, N. Fungo, R., Nyau, V., & Munthali J. },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-025-01001-9},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-11},
urldate = {2025-01-11},
journal = {BMC Nutr 11, 14 },
volume = {11},
issue = {14},
abstract = {Background
Malnutrition is a global burden, with 171 million under-five children stunted and 45% of child deaths linked to it. Despite high undernutrition such as stunting in Mchinji, Mangochi, and Mzimba, no study has focused on all three hot spots. This study examined socio-economic and demographic determinants of undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months, offering insights to guide targeted interventions in these areas.
Methods
This cross-sectional study of 1,275 caregiver-child pairs from Mzimba, Mchinji, and Mangochi used multi-stage sampling. Data were analyzed with Stata 17.0, employing descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to explore associations and identify determinants of malnutrition in children aged 6–59 months based on WHO Z-scores.
Results
The study identified socio-demographic factors influencing wasting, underweight, and stunting among children aged 6–59 months. Wasting was linked to occupation, marital status, household size, religious affiliation, and vaccination, with protective factors including farming (AOR = 0.023), business (AOR = 0.001), being single (AOR = 0.034), and full vaccination (AOR = 0.146), while Muslim affiliation increased odds (AOR = 71.284). Underweight was associated with occupation and household type, with higher risks in business (AOR = 9.408) and single-parent households (AOR = 20.929) but protection in smaller households (AOR = 0.596). Stunting was related to unemployment (AOR = 2.339) and full vaccination (AOR = 1.472). Education and income showed no significant association with stunting.
Conclusion
Socio-demographic factors significantly influenced wasting, underweight, and stunting in children, highlighting the need for targeted interventions on livelihoods, vaccination, and household conditions to reduce undernutrition and inform policy and program development.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background
Malnutrition is a global burden, with 171 million under-five children stunted and 45% of child deaths linked to it. Despite high undernutrition such as stunting in Mchinji, Mangochi, and Mzimba, no study has focused on all three hot spots. This study examined socio-economic and demographic determinants of undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months, offering insights to guide targeted interventions in these areas.
Methods
This cross-sectional study of 1,275 caregiver-child pairs from Mzimba, Mchinji, and Mangochi used multi-stage sampling. Data were analyzed with Stata 17.0, employing descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to explore associations and identify determinants of malnutrition in children aged 6–59 months based on WHO Z-scores.
Results
The study identified socio-demographic factors influencing wasting, underweight, and stunting among children aged 6–59 months. Wasting was linked to occupation, marital status, household size, religious affiliation, and vaccination, with protective factors including farming (AOR = 0.023), business (AOR = 0.001), being single (AOR = 0.034), and full vaccination (AOR = 0.146), while Muslim affiliation increased odds (AOR = 71.284). Underweight was associated with occupation and household type, with higher risks in business (AOR = 9.408) and single-parent households (AOR = 20.929) but protection in smaller households (AOR = 0.596). Stunting was related to unemployment (AOR = 2.339) and full vaccination (AOR = 1.472). Education and income showed no significant association with stunting.
Conclusion
Socio-demographic factors significantly influenced wasting, underweight, and stunting in children, highlighting the need for targeted interventions on livelihoods, vaccination, and household conditions to reduce undernutrition and inform policy and program development.
Malnutrition is a global burden, with 171 million under-five children stunted and 45% of child deaths linked to it. Despite high undernutrition such as stunting in Mchinji, Mangochi, and Mzimba, no study has focused on all three hot spots. This study examined socio-economic and demographic determinants of undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months, offering insights to guide targeted interventions in these areas.
Methods
This cross-sectional study of 1,275 caregiver-child pairs from Mzimba, Mchinji, and Mangochi used multi-stage sampling. Data were analyzed with Stata 17.0, employing descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to explore associations and identify determinants of malnutrition in children aged 6–59 months based on WHO Z-scores.
Results
The study identified socio-demographic factors influencing wasting, underweight, and stunting among children aged 6–59 months. Wasting was linked to occupation, marital status, household size, religious affiliation, and vaccination, with protective factors including farming (AOR = 0.023), business (AOR = 0.001), being single (AOR = 0.034), and full vaccination (AOR = 0.146), while Muslim affiliation increased odds (AOR = 71.284). Underweight was associated with occupation and household type, with higher risks in business (AOR = 9.408) and single-parent households (AOR = 20.929) but protection in smaller households (AOR = 0.596). Stunting was related to unemployment (AOR = 2.339) and full vaccination (AOR = 1.472). Education and income showed no significant association with stunting.
Conclusion
Socio-demographic factors significantly influenced wasting, underweight, and stunting in children, highlighting the need for targeted interventions on livelihoods, vaccination, and household conditions to reduce undernutrition and inform policy and program development.