Introduction

The Sustainable Off-Grid Solutions for Pharmacies and Hospitals in Africa (SophiA) is providing sustainable off-grid energy supplies and water free of bacteria and viruses for rural and remote health facilities in Africa, thereby accelerating the sustainable development, growth and economic transformation, and ensuring improved access to energy and health services for all.

Using various technologies, such as photovoltaics, solar thermal, electrical and thermal storage, water treatment, and natural refrigerants with low global warming potential, SophiA has developed and manufactured locally innovative, modular, affordable, and efficient solar powered systems for providing:

1. Safe and clean drinking water, free of bacteria and viruses, and deionised water for medical purposes.
2. Hot water and steam production for thermal requirements of the hospitals.
3. Cooling of medicines and food at +5°C.
4. Low temperature storage of blood plasma and vaccines at -30°C.
5. Ultra-low temperature storage of sensitive medication (e.g. some Covid-19 or Ebola vaccines) at -70°C

In addition, PV MedPort, a simple and 100% solar-powered solution has been developed and tested as a mobile health care station in small remote areas in 4 different geographical conditions in Africa.

SophiA systems have been manufactured in Africa and will provide, for the first-time, innovative solutions based on climate-friendly natural refrigerants to cover cooling demand for three different temperature ranges (-70°C, -30°C and +5°C). The systems have been tested and demonstrated at four rural hospitals in remote regions throughout the African continent covering the major geographical regions and different climatic conditions in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Malawi and Uganda.

Launch of the SophiA Project Facility at Buvuma Health Centre IV

The SophiA Project facility installed at Buvuma Health Centre IV was officially commissioned on 30^th September 2025, by the Vice Chancellor of Makerere University, represented by the Dean, School of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Bio-systems Engineering at CAES, Dr Julia Kigozi.

The event was attended by over 100 guests including local government officials, healthcare professionals, university staff and students, traders, and community members. The occasion showcased the transformative technologies introduced under the SophiA Project, aimed at enhancing energy access and health service delivery in off-grid communities.

Speaking at the event, Prof. Nicholas Kiggundu, the Project Coordinator in Uganda, outlined the advanced systems installed at Buvuma Health Centre IV. These include:

1. Electricity Generation: A 36 kWp photovoltaic (PV) solar system supported by a 13 kVA standby generator ensures continuous power supply.
2. Water Systems: Provision of safe drinking water through ultra-filtration and de-ionized water using membrane capacitive de-ionization technology.
3. Thermal Energy: Hot water and steam generation for cooking, bathing, and sterilization, using thermo-energy storage.
4. Solar Cooking: Outdoor cooking with Scheffler reflectors capable of reaching temperatures up to 200°C.
5. Refrigeration: Environmentally friendly cooling units maintain medicine at +5°C, blood plasma at -30°C, and vaccines, including for COVID-19 and Ebola, at required temperatures using natural refrigerants like propane (R290).
6. Maternity Support: Installation of Xsol water heaters to provide warm water in the maternity wing.

Additionally, a 2 kWp PV MedPort was installed at Lukale Health Centre III, offering reliable electricity for disease screening and youth outreach services. Both installations feature containerized units integrated with a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for real-time monitoring and operational safety. Key safety features include external ventilated compartments for flammable refrigerants and systems to discharge surplus solar power to the ground.

The excess energy generated by the PV system not only powers the health centre at night but also supports critical services such as the neonatal unit, further extending the project’s impact.

The launch also featured a tour of the facility, with an interactive question and answer session focusing on system safety (such as propane compartment ventilation) and scalability.

Now fully operational, the systems provide over 18 hours of reliable electricity daily, surpassing national averages, and enables vaccine storage critical for outbreak response. Buvuma Health Centre IV is set to serve as a learning laboratory for Makerere University students and other institutions.

The project was implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and 12 consortium partners, with support from the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA). Local stakeholders, including the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA), Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS), and Buvuma District Local Government (DLG), also contributed significantly.

Remarks by the Vice Chancellor

In his remarks delivered by Dr. Julia Kigozi, the Vice Chancellor expressed gratitude to the late Prof. Noble Bannadda for his pivotal role in crafting the project. He thanked Prof. Nicholas Kiggundu, the Principal Investigator, for successfully implementing the project at both Buvuma Health Centre IV and Mua Mission Hospital in Dezda, Malawi.  He also thanked other SophiA Project team members at Makerere University namely: Dr. Denis Muhangi (CHUSS), Dr. Sarah Bimbona (COBAMS), and Mr. Alvin Asingya (CAES), and institutional partners.

The Vice Chancellor appreciated the European Union for funding the SophiA Project alongside several other initiatives at Makerere University.

Compiled by Prof. Nicholas Kiggundu – PI, SophiA Project/member of staff in the Department of Agricultural & Bio-systems Engineering at CAES, Makerere University.

More about the project at – https://news.mak.ac.ug/2025/07/sophia-project-upgrades-health-infrastructure-at-buvuma-health-centre-iv-trains-technicians-for-maintenance-works/